[Rev. 11/3/2011 12:00:04 PM]

CHAPTER 200 - CRIMES AGAINST THE PERSON

HOMICIDE

NRS 200.010             “Murder” defined.

NRS 200.020             Malice: Express and implied defined.

NRS 200.030             Degrees of murder; penalties.

NRS 200.033             Circumstances aggravating first degree murder.

NRS 200.035             Circumstances mitigating first degree murder.

NRS 200.040             “Manslaughter” defined.

NRS 200.050             “Voluntary manslaughter” defined.

NRS 200.060             When killing punished as murder.

NRS 200.070             “Involuntary manslaughter” defined.

NRS 200.080             Punishment for voluntary manslaughter.

NRS 200.090             Punishment for involuntary manslaughter.

NRS 200.110             Place of trial for homicide.

NRS 200.120             “Justifiable homicide” defined; no duty to retreat under certain circumstances.

NRS 200.130             Bare fear insufficient to justify killing; reasonable fear required.

NRS 200.140             Justifiable homicide by public officer.

NRS 200.150             Justifiable or excusable homicide.

NRS 200.160             Additional cases of justifiable homicide.

NRS 200.170             Burden of proving circumstances of mitigation or justifiable or excusable homicide.

NRS 200.180             Excusable homicide by misadventure.

NRS 200.190             Justifiable or excusable homicide not punishable.

NRS 200.200             Killing in self-defense.

NRS 200.210             Killing of unborn quick child; penalty.

NRS 200.220             Taking drugs to terminate pregnancy; penalty.

NRS 200.230             Death resulting from overloading of passenger vessel; penalties.

NRS 200.240             Owner of animal that kills human being guilty of manslaughter under certain circumstances; penalty.

NRS 200.260             Death resulting from unlawful manufacture or storage of explosives; penalty.

BODILY INJURY

NRS 200.275             Justifiable infliction or threat of bodily injury not punishable.

NRS 200.278             Information required to be provided to school district of person in secondary school who causes serious bodily injury.

MAYHEM

NRS 200.280             Definition; penalty.

NRS 200.290             Instrument or manner of inflicting injury immaterial.

NRS 200.300             Injury not resulting in permanent injury; defendant may be convicted of assault.

KIDNAPPING

NRS 200.310             Degrees.

NRS 200.320             Kidnapping in first degree: Penalties.

NRS 200.330             Kidnapping in second degree: Penalties.

NRS 200.340             Penalty for aiding or abetting.

NRS 200.350             Where proceedings may be instituted; consent is not defense.

NRS 200.357             Law enforcement officer required to take child into protective custody if child in danger of being removed from jurisdiction.

NRS 200.359             Detention, concealment or removal of child from person having lawful custody or from jurisdiction of court: Penalties; limitation on issuance of arrest warrant; restitution; exceptions.

SEXUAL ASSAULT AND SEDUCTION

NRS 200.364             Definitions.

NRS 200.366             Sexual assault: Definition; penalties.

NRS 200.368             Statutory sexual seduction: Penalties.

NRS 200.373             Sexual assault of spouse by spouse.

NRS 200.377             Victims of certain sexual offenses: Legislative findings and declarations.

NRS 200.3771           Victims of certain sexual offenses: Confidentiality of records and reports that reveal identity; when disclosure permitted; penalty.

NRS 200.3772           Victims of certain sexual offenses: Procedure for substituting pseudonym for name on files, records and reports; actual identity confidential; when disclosure required; immunity for unintentional disclosure.

NRS 200.3773           Victims of certain sexual offenses: Public officer or employee prohibited from disclosing identity; exceptions; penalty.

NRS 200.3774           Victims of certain sexual offenses: Effect of waiver of confidentiality.

NRS 200.378             Court may impose temporary or extended order to restrict conduct of alleged perpetrator, defendant or convicted person; penalty for violation of order; dissemination of order; notice provided in order.

NRS 200.3781           Petitioner for order: Deferment of costs and fees; free information concerning order; no fee for serving order.

NRS 200.3782           Duration of orders; dissolution or modification of temporary order.

NRS 200.3783           Order to be transmitted to law enforcement agencies; enforcement.

NRS 200.3784           Victim to be given certain information and documents concerning case; clerk to keep record of order or condition restricting conduct of defendant.

ROBBERY

NRS 200.380             Definition; penalty.

ATTEMPTS TO KILL

NRS 200.390             Administration of poison: Penalty.

BATTERY WITH INTENT TO COMMIT A CRIME

NRS 200.400             Definition; penalties.

ADMINISTRATION OF DRUG TO AID COMMISSION OF CRIME

NRS 200.405             Administration of drug to aid commission of felony: Penalty.

NRS 200.408             Administration of controlled substance to aid commission of crime of violence: Penalty; definitions.

DUELS AND CHALLENGES

NRS 200.410             Death resulting from duel; penalty.

NRS 200.430             Incriminating testimony; witness’s privilege.

NRS 200.440             Posting for not fighting; use of contemptuous language.

NRS 200.450             Challenges to fight; penalties.

FALSE IMPRISONMENT

NRS 200.460             Definition; penalties.

INVOLUNTARY SERVITUDE; PURCHASE OR SALE OF PERSON

NRS 200.463             Involuntary servitude; penalties.

NRS 200.464             Recruiting, enticing, harboring, transporting, providing or obtaining another person to be held in involuntary servitude; benefiting from another person being held in involuntary servitude; penalty.

NRS 200.465             Assuming rights of ownership over another person; purchase or sale of person; penalty.

TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS

NRS 200.467             Trafficking in persons for financial gain; penalties.

NRS 200.468             Trafficking in persons for illegal purposes; penalty.

ASSAULT AND BATTERY

NRS 200.471             Assault: Definitions; penalties. [Effective through December 31, 2011.]

NRS 200.471             Assault: Definitions; penalties. [Effective January 1, 2012.]

NRS 200.481             Battery: Definitions; penalties.

NRS 200.485             Battery which constitutes domestic violence: Penalties; referring child for counseling; restriction against dismissal, probation and suspension; definitions.

NRS 200.490             Provoking assault: Penalty.

CRIMINAL NEGLECT OF PATIENTS

NRS 200.495             Definitions; penalties.

ABUSE AND NEGLECT OF CHILDREN

NRS 200.508             Abuse, neglect or endangerment of child: Penalties; definitions.

NRS 200.5081           District attorney may refer person suspected of violating NRS 200.508 for treatment or counseling.

NRS 200.5083           Mutilation of genitalia of female child: Penalties; definitions.

NRS 200.5085           Use of nonmedical remedial treatment.

ABUSE, NEGLECT, EXPLOITATION OR ISOLATION OF OLDER PERSONS AND VULNERABLE PERSONS

NRS 200.5091           Policy of State.

NRS 200.5092           Definitions.

NRS 200.50925        “Reasonable cause to believe” and “as soon as reasonably practicable” defined.

NRS 200.5093           Report of abuse, neglect, exploitation or isolation of older person; voluntary and mandatory reports; investigation; penalty. [Effective through December 31, 2011.]

NRS 200.5093           Report of abuse, neglect, exploitation or isolation of older person; voluntary and mandatory reports; investigation; penalty. [Effective January 1, 2012.]

NRS 200.50935        Report of abuse, neglect, exploitation or isolation of vulnerable person; voluntary and mandatory reports; investigation; penalty. [Effective through December 31, 2011.]

NRS 200.50935        Report of abuse, neglect, exploitation or isolation of vulnerable person; voluntary and mandatory reports; investigation; penalty. [Effective January 1, 2012.]

NRS 200.5094           Reports: Manner of making; contents.

NRS 200.5095           Reports and records confidential; permissible or required disclosure; penalty.

NRS 200.50955        Law enforcement agency: Required to act promptly in obtaining certain warrants.

NRS 200.5096           Immunity from civil or criminal liability for reporting, investigating or submitting information.

NRS 200.5097           Admissibility of evidence.

NRS 200.5098           Duties of Aging and Disability Services Division of Department of Health and Human Services regarding older persons; organization and operation of teams for provision of assistance.

NRS 200.50982        Disclosure of information concerning reports and investigations to other agencies or legal representative of older person or vulnerable person; disclosure of information concerning suspect in investigation of abuse, neglect, exploitation or isolation of older person.

NRS 200.50984        Inspection of records pertaining to older person on whose behalf investigation is conducted.

NRS 200.50986        Petition for removal of guardian of older person.

NRS 200.5099           Penalties.

NRS 200.50995        Penalties for conspiracy.

LIBEL

NRS 200.510             Definition; penalties; truth may be given in evidence; jury to determine law and fact.

NRS 200.520             Publication defined.

NRS 200.530             Liability of editor or publisher.

NRS 200.540             Criminal proceedings: Venue.

NRS 200.550             Furnishing libelous information: Penalty.

NRS 200.560             Threatening to publish libel: Penalty.

HARASSMENT AND STALKING

NRS 200.571             Harassment: Definition; penalties.

NRS 200.575             Stalking: Definitions; penalties.

NRS 200.581             Where offense committed.

NRS 200.591             Court may impose temporary or extended order to restrict conduct of alleged perpetrator, defendant or convicted person; penalty for violation of order; dissemination of order; notice provided in order.

NRS 200.592             Petitioner for order: Deferment of costs and fees; free information concerning order; no fee for serving order.

NRS 200.594             Duration of orders; dissolution or modification of temporary order.

NRS 200.597             Order to be transmitted to law enforcement agencies; enforcement.

NRS 200.601             Victim to be given certain information and documents concerning case; clerk to keep record of order or condition restricting conduct of defendant.

PEEPING

NRS 200.603             Peering, peeping or spying through window, door or other opening of dwelling of another; penalties.

NRS 200.604             Capturing image of private area of another person; distributing, disclosing, displaying, transmitting or publishing image of private area of another person; penalties; exceptions; confidentiality of image.

HAZING

NRS 200.605             Penalties; definition.

INTERCEPTION AND DISCLOSURE OF WIRE AND RADIO COMMUNICATIONS OR PRIVATE CONVERSATIONS

NRS 200.610             Definitions.

NRS 200.620             Interception and attempted interception of wire communication prohibited; exceptions.

NRS 200.630             Disclosure of existence, content or substance of wire or radio communication prohibited; exceptions.

NRS 200.640             Unauthorized connection with facilities prohibited.

NRS 200.650             Unauthorized, surreptitious intrusion of privacy by listening device prohibited.

NRS 200.690             Penalties.

PORNOGRAPHY INVOLVING MINORS

NRS 200.700             Definitions.

NRS 200.710             Unlawful to use minor in producing pornography or as subject of sexual portrayal in performance.

NRS 200.720             Promotion of sexual performance of minor unlawful.

NRS 200.725             Preparing, advertising or distributing materials depicting pornography involving minor unlawful; penalty.

NRS 200.727             Use of Internet to control visual presentation depicting sexual conduct of person under 16 years of age; penalties.

NRS 200.730             Possession of visual presentation depicting sexual conduct of person under 16 years of age unlawful; penalties.

NRS 200.735             Exemption for purposes of law enforcement.

NRS 200.737             Use of electronic communication device by minor to possess, transmit or distribute sexual images of minor; penalties.

NRS 200.740             Determination by court or jury of whether person was minor.

NRS 200.750             Penalties.

NRS 200.760             Forfeiture.

_________

HOMICIDE

     NRS 200.010  “Murder” defined.  Murder is the unlawful killing of a human being:

     1.  With malice aforethought, either express or implied;

     2.  Caused by a controlled substance which was sold, given, traded or otherwise made available to a person in violation of chapter 453 of NRS; or

     3.  Caused by a violation of NRS 453.3325.

Ê The unlawful killing may be effected by any of the various means by which death may be occasioned.

     [1911 C&P § 119; RL § 6384; NCL § 10066]—(NRS A 1983, 512; 1985, 1598; 1989, 589; 2005, 1059)

     NRS 200.020  Malice: Express and implied defined.

     1.  Express malice is that deliberate intention unlawfully to take away the life of a fellow creature, which is manifested by external circumstances capable of proof.

     2.  Malice shall be implied when no considerable provocation appears, or when all the circumstances of the killing show an abandoned and malignant heart.

     [1911 C&P § 120; A 1915, 67; 1919 RL § 6385; NCL § 10067]

     NRS 200.030  Degrees of murder; penalties.

     1.  Murder of the first degree is murder which is:

     (a) Perpetrated by means of poison, lying in wait or torture, or by any other kind of willful, deliberate and premeditated killing;

     (b) Committed in the perpetration or attempted perpetration of sexual assault, kidnapping, arson, robbery, burglary, invasion of the home, sexual abuse of a child, sexual molestation of a child under the age of 14 years, child abuse or abuse of an older person or vulnerable person pursuant to NRS 200.5099;

     (c) Committed to avoid or prevent the lawful arrest of any person by a peace officer or to effect the escape of any person from legal custody;

     (d) Committed on the property of a public or private school, at an activity sponsored by a public or private school or on a school bus while the bus was engaged in its official duties by a person who intended to create a great risk of death or substantial bodily harm to more than one person by means of a weapon, device or course of action that would normally be hazardous to the lives of more than one person; or

     (e) Committed in the perpetration or attempted perpetration of an act of terrorism.

     2.  Murder of the second degree is all other kinds of murder.

     3.  The jury before whom any person indicted for murder is tried shall, if they find the person guilty thereof, designate by their verdict whether the person is guilty of murder of the first or second degree.

     4.  A person convicted of murder of the first degree is guilty of a category A felony and shall be punished:

     (a) By death, only if one or more aggravating circumstances are found and any mitigating circumstance or circumstances which are found do not outweigh the aggravating circumstance or circumstances, unless a court has made a finding pursuant to NRS 174.098 that the defendant is a person with mental retardation and has stricken the notice of intent to seek the death penalty; or

     (b) By imprisonment in the state prison:

           (1) For life without the possibility of parole;

           (2) For life with the possibility of parole, with eligibility for parole beginning when a minimum of 20 years has been served; or

           (3) For a definite term of 50 years, with eligibility for parole beginning when a minimum of 20 years has been served.

Ê A determination of whether aggravating circumstances exist is not necessary to fix the penalty at imprisonment for life with or without the possibility of parole.

     5.  A person convicted of murder of the second degree is guilty of a category A felony and shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison:

     (a) For life with the possibility of parole, with eligibility for parole beginning when a minimum of 10 years has been served; or

     (b) For a definite term of 25 years, with eligibility for parole beginning when a minimum of 10 years has been served.

     6.  As used in this section:

     (a) “Act of terrorism” has the meaning ascribed to it in NRS 202.4415;

     (b) “Child abuse” means physical injury of a nonaccidental nature to a child under the age of 18 years;

     (c) “School bus” has the meaning ascribed to it in NRS 483.160;

     (d) “Sexual abuse of a child” means any of the acts described in NRS 432B.100; and

     (e) “Sexual molestation” means any willful and lewd or lascivious act, other than acts constituting the crime of sexual assault, upon or with the body, or any part or member thereof, of a child under the age of 14 years, with the intent of arousing, appealing to, or gratifying the lust, passions or sexual desires of the perpetrator or of the child.

     [1911 C&P § 121; A 1915, 67; 1919, 468; 1947, 302; 1943 NCL § 10068]—(NRS A 1957, 330; 1959, 781; 1960, 399; 1961, 235, 486; 1967, 467, 1470; 1973, 1803; 1975, 1580; 1977, 864, 1541, 1627; 1989, 865, 1451; 1995, 257, 1181; 1999, 1335; 2003, 770, 2944; 2007, 74)

     NRS 200.033  Circumstances aggravating first degree murder.  The only circumstances by which murder of the first degree may be aggravated are:

     1.  The murder was committed by a person under sentence of imprisonment.

     2.  The murder was committed by a person who, at any time before a penalty hearing is conducted for the murder pursuant to NRS 175.552, is or has been convicted of:

     (a) Another murder and the provisions of subsection 12 do not otherwise apply to that other murder; or

     (b) A felony involving the use or threat of violence to the person of another and the provisions of subsection 4 do not otherwise apply to that felony.

Ê For the purposes of this subsection, a person shall be deemed to have been convicted at the time the jury verdict of guilt is rendered or upon pronouncement of guilt by a judge or judges sitting without a jury.

     3.  The murder was committed by a person who knowingly created a great risk of death to more than one person by means of a weapon, device or course of action which would normally be hazardous to the lives of more than one person.

     4.  The murder was committed while the person was engaged, alone or with others, in the commission of, or an attempt to commit or flight after committing or attempting to commit, any robbery, arson in the first degree, burglary, invasion of the home or kidnapping in the first degree, and the person charged:

     (a) Killed or attempted to kill the person murdered; or

     (b) Knew or had reason to know that life would be taken or lethal force used.

     5.  The murder was committed to avoid or prevent a lawful arrest or to effect an escape from custody.

     6.  The murder was committed by a person, for himself or herself or another, to receive money or any other thing of monetary value.

     7.  The murder was committed upon a peace officer or firefighter who was killed while engaged in the performance of his or her official duty or because of an act performed in his or her official capacity, and the defendant knew or reasonably should have known that the victim was a peace officer or firefighter. For the purposes of this subsection, “peace officer” means:

     (a) An employee of the Department of Corrections who does not exercise general control over offenders imprisoned within the institutions and facilities of the Department, but whose normal duties require the employee to come into contact with those offenders when carrying out the duties prescribed by the Director of the Department.

     (b) Any person upon whom some or all of the powers of a peace officer are conferred pursuant to NRS 289.150 to 289.360, inclusive, when carrying out those powers.

     8.  The murder involved torture or the mutilation of the victim.

     9.  The murder was committed upon one or more persons at random and without apparent motive.

     10.  The murder was committed upon a person less than 14 years of age.

     11.  The murder was committed upon a person because of the actual or perceived race, color, religion, national origin, physical or mental disability or sexual orientation of that person.

     12.  The defendant has, in the immediate proceeding, been convicted of more than one offense of murder in the first or second degree. For the purposes of this subsection, a person shall be deemed to have been convicted of a murder at the time the jury verdict of guilt is rendered or upon pronouncement of guilt by a judge or judges sitting without a jury.

     13.  The person, alone or with others, subjected or attempted to subject the victim of the murder to nonconsensual sexual penetration immediately before, during or immediately after the commission of the murder. For the purposes of this subsection:

     (a) “Nonconsensual” means against the victim’s will or under conditions in which the person knows or reasonably should know that the victim is mentally or physically incapable of resisting, consenting or understanding the nature of his or her conduct, including, but not limited to, conditions in which the person knows or reasonably should know that the victim is dead.

     (b) “Sexual penetration” means cunnilingus, fellatio or any intrusion, however slight, of any part of the victim’s body or any object manipulated or inserted by a person, alone or with others, into the genital or anal openings of the body of the victim, whether or not the victim is alive. The term includes, but is not limited to, anal intercourse and sexual intercourse in what would be its ordinary meaning.

     14.  The murder was committed on the property of a public or private school, at an activity sponsored by a public or private school or on a school bus while the bus was engaged in its official duties by a person who intended to create a great risk of death or substantial bodily harm to more than one person by means of a weapon, device or course of action that would normally be hazardous to the lives of more than one person. For the purposes of this subsection, “school bus” has the meaning ascribed to it in NRS 483.160.

     15.  The murder was committed with the intent to commit, cause, aid, further or conceal an act of terrorism. For the purposes of this subsection, “act of terrorism” has the meaning ascribed to it in NRS 202.4415.

     (Added to NRS by 1977, 1542; A 1981, 521, 2011; 1983, 286; 1985, 1979; 1989, 1451; 1993, 76; 1995, 2, 138, 1490, 2705; 1997, 1293; 1999, 1336; 2001 Special Session, 229; 2003, 2945; 2005, 317)

     NRS 200.035  Circumstances mitigating first degree murder.  Murder of the first degree may be mitigated by any of the following circumstances, even though the mitigating circumstance is not sufficient to constitute a defense or reduce the degree of the crime:

     1.  The defendant has no significant history of prior criminal activity.

     2.  The murder was committed while the defendant was under the influence of extreme mental or emotional disturbance.

     3.  The victim was a participant in the defendant’s criminal conduct or consented to the act.

     4.  The defendant was an accomplice in a murder committed by another person and the defendant’s participation in the murder was relatively minor.

     5.  The defendant acted under duress or under the domination of another person.

     6.  The youth of the defendant at the time of the crime.

     7.  Any other mitigating circumstance.

     (Added to NRS by 1977, 1543)

     NRS 200.040  “Manslaughter” defined.

     1.  Manslaughter is the unlawful killing of a human being, without malice express or implied, and without any mixture of deliberation.

     2.  Manslaughter must be voluntary, upon a sudden heat of passion, caused by a provocation apparently sufficient to make the passion irresistible, or involuntary, in the commission of an unlawful act, or a lawful act without due caution or circumspection.

     3.  Manslaughter does not include vehicular manslaughter as described in NRS 484B.657.

     [1911 C&P § 122; RL § 6387; NCL § 10069]—(NRS A 1983, 1014; 1995, 1725; 2005, 79)

     NRS 200.050  “Voluntary manslaughter” defined.

     1.  In cases of voluntary manslaughter, there must be a serious and highly provoking injury inflicted upon the person killing, sufficient to excite an irresistible passion in a reasonable person, or an attempt by the person killed to commit a serious personal injury on the person killing.

     2.  Voluntary manslaughter does not include vehicular manslaughter as described in NRS 484B.657.

     [1911 C&P § 123; RL § 6388; NCL § 10070]—(NRS A 2005, 79)

     NRS 200.060  When killing punished as murder.  The killing must be the result of that sudden, violent impulse of passion supposed to be irresistible; for, if there should appear to have been an interval between the assault or provocation given and the killing, sufficient for the voice of reason and humanity to be heard, the killing shall be attributed to deliberate revenge and punished as murder.

     [1911 C&P § 124; RL § 6389; NCL § 10071]

     NRS 200.070  “Involuntary manslaughter” defined.

     1.  Except under the circumstances provided in NRS 484B.550 and 484B.653, involuntary manslaughter is the killing of a human being, without any intent to do so, in the commission of an unlawful act, or a lawful act which probably might produce such a consequence in an unlawful manner, but where the involuntary killing occurs in the commission of an unlawful act, which, in its consequences, naturally tends to destroy the life of a human being, or is committed in the prosecution of a felonious intent, the offense is murder.

     2.  Involuntary manslaughter does not include vehicular manslaughter as described in NRS 484B.657.

     [1911 C&P § 125; RL § 6390; NCL § 10072]—(NRS A 1981, 867; 1983, 1014; 1995, 1726; 2005, 79)

     NRS 200.080  Punishment for voluntary manslaughter.  A person convicted of the crime of voluntary manslaughter is guilty of a category B felony and shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison for a minimum term of not less than 1 year and a maximum term of not more than 10 years, and may be further punished by a fine of not more than $10,000.

     [1911 C&P § 126; A 1937, 103; 1931 NCL § 10073]—(NRS A 1979, 1424; 1995, 1182)

     NRS 200.090  Punishment for involuntary manslaughter.  A person convicted of involuntary manslaughter is guilty of a category D felony and shall be punished as provided in NRS 193.130.

     [1911 C&P § 126 1/2; added 1937, 103; 1931 NCL § 10073.01]—(NRS A 1967, 468; 1995, 1182)

     NRS 200.110  Place of trial for homicide.

     1.  If the injury be inflicted in one county, and the party die within another county, or without the State, the accused shall be tried in the county where the act was done, or the cause of death administered.

     2.  If the party killing shall be in one county, and the party killed in another county, at the time the cause of death shall be administered, the accused may be tried in either county.

     [1911 C&P § 128; RL § 6393; NCL § 10075]

     NRS 200.120  “Justifiable homicide” defined; no duty to retreat under certain circumstances.

     1.  Justifiable homicide is the killing of a human being in necessary self-defense, or in defense of habitation, property or person, against one who manifestly intends or endeavors, by violence or surprise, to commit a felony, or against any person or persons who manifestly intend and endeavor, in a violent, riotous, tumultuous or surreptitious manner, to enter the habitation of another for the purpose of assaulting or offering personal violence to any person dwelling or being therein.

     2.  A person is not required to retreat before using deadly force as provided in subsection 1 if the person:

     (a) Is not the original aggressor;

     (b) Has a right to be present at the location where deadly force is used; and

     (c) Is not actively engaged in conduct in furtherance of criminal activity at the time deadly force is used.

     [1911 C&P § 129; RL § 6394; NCL § 10076]—(NRS A 1983, 518; 2011, 265)

     NRS 200.130  Bare fear insufficient to justify killing; reasonable fear required.  A bare fear of any of the offenses mentioned in NRS 200.120, to prevent which the homicide is alleged to have been committed, shall not be sufficient to justify the killing. It must appear that the circumstances were sufficient to excite the fears of a reasonable person and that the party killing really acted under the influence of those fears and not in a spirit of revenge.

     [1911 C&P § 130; RL § 6395; NCL § 10077]

     NRS 200.140  Justifiable homicide by public officer.  Homicide is justifiable when committed by a public officer, or person acting under the command and in the aid of the public officer, in the following cases:

     1.  In obedience to the judgment of a competent court.

     2.  When necessary to overcome actual resistance to the execution of the legal process, mandate or order of a court or officer, or in the discharge of a legal duty.

     3.  When necessary:

     (a) In retaking an escaped or rescued prisoner who has been committed, arrested for, or convicted of a felony;

     (b) In attempting, by lawful ways or means, to apprehend or arrest a person; or

     (c) In lawfully suppressing a riot or preserving the peace.

     [1911 C&P § 131; RL § 6396; NCL § 10078]—(NRS A 1975, 323; 1993, 931)

     NRS 200.150  Justifiable or excusable homicide.  All other instances which stand upon the same footing of reason and justice as those enumerated shall be considered justifiable or excusable homicide.

     [1911 C&P § 132; RL § 6397; NCL § 10079]

     NRS 200.160  Additional cases of justifiable homicide.  Homicide is also justifiable when committed:

     1.  In the lawful defense of the slayer, or his or her husband, wife, parent, child, brother or sister, or of any other person in his or her presence or company, when there is reasonable ground to apprehend a design on the part of the person slain to commit a felony or to do some great personal injury to the slayer or to any such person, and there is imminent danger of such design being accomplished; or

     2.  In the actual resistance of an attempt to commit a felony upon the slayer, in his or her presence, or upon or in a dwelling, or other place of abode in which the slayer is.

     [1911 C&P § 133; A 1931, 160; 1931 NCL § 10080]—(NRS A 1993, 932)

     NRS 200.170  Burden of proving circumstances of mitigation or justifiable or excusable homicide.  The killing of the deceased named in the indictment or information by the defendant being proved, the burden of proving circumstances of mitigation, or that justify or excuse the homicide, will devolve on the accused, unless the proof on the part of the prosecution sufficiently manifests that the crime committed only amounts to manslaughter, or that the accused was justified, or excused in committing the homicide.

     [1911 C&P § 134; A 1951, 524]

     NRS 200.180  Excusable homicide by misadventure.

     1.  Excusable homicide by misadventure occurs when:

     (a) A person is doing a lawful act, without any intention of killing, yet unfortunately kills another, as where a person is at work with an ax and the head flies off and kills a bystander; or

     (b) An officer punishing a criminal happens to occasion death, which acts of correction are lawful.

     2.  If the officer exceeds the sentence under which the officer acts, either in the manner, the instrument, or quantity of punishment, and death ensues, it is manslaughter or murder, according to the circumstances of the case.

     [1911 C&P § 135; RL § 6400; NCL § 10082]—(NRS A 1985, 1399)

     NRS 200.190  Justifiable or excusable homicide not punishable.  The homicide appearing to be justifiable or excusable, the person indicted shall, upon trial, be fully acquitted and discharged.

     [1911 C&P § 136; RL § 6401; NCL § 10083]

     NRS 200.200  Killing in self-defense.  If a person kills another in self-defense, it must appear that:

     1.  The danger was so urgent and pressing that, in order to save the person’s own life, or to prevent the person from receiving great bodily harm, the killing of the other was absolutely necessary; and

     2.  The person killed was the assailant, or that the slayer had really, and in good faith, endeavored to decline any further struggle before the mortal blow was given.

     [1911 C&P § 137; RL § 6402; NCL § 10084]

     NRS 200.210  Killing of unborn quick child; penalty.  A person who willfully kills an unborn quick child, by any injury committed upon the mother of the child, commits manslaughter and shall be punished for a category B felony by imprisonment in the state prison for a minimum term of not less than 1 year and a maximum term of not more than 10 years, and may be further punished by a fine of not more than $10,000.

     [1911 C&P § 138; RL § 6403; NCL § 10085]—(NRS A 1967, 468; 1979, 1425; 1995, 1182)

     NRS 200.220  Taking drugs to terminate pregnancy; penalty.  A woman who takes or uses, or submits to the use of, any drug, medicine or substance, or any instrument or other means, with the intent to terminate her pregnancy after the 24th week of pregnancy, unless the same is performed upon herself upon the advice of a physician acting pursuant to the provisions of NRS 442.250, and thereby causes the death of the child of the pregnancy, commits manslaughter and shall be punished for a category B felony by imprisonment in the state prison for a minimum term of not less than 1 year and a maximum term of not more than 10 years, and may be further punished by a fine of not more than $10,000.

     [1911 C&P § 140; RL § 6405; NCL § 10087]—(NRS A 1967, 468; 1973, 1639; 1979, 1425; 1995, 1183)

     NRS 200.230  Death resulting from overloading of passenger vessel; penalties.  A person navigating a vessel for gain who willfully or negligently receives so many passengers or such a quantity of other lading on board that by means thereof the vessel sinks, is overset or injured, and thereby a human being is drowned or otherwise killed, commits manslaughter and shall be punished:

     1.  If the overloading is negligent, for a category D felony as provided in NRS 193.130.

     2.  If the overloading is willful, for a category B felony by imprisonment in the state prison for a minimum term of not less than 1 year and a maximum term of not more than 10 years, and may be further punished by a fine of not more than $10,000.

     [1911 C&P § 141; RL § 6406; NCL § 10088]—(NRS A 1967, 468; 1979, 1425; 1995, 1183)

     NRS 200.240  Owner of animal that kills human being guilty of manslaughter under certain circumstances; penalty.  If the owner or custodian of any vicious or dangerous animal, knowing its propensities, willfully or negligently allows it to go at large, and the animal while at large kills a human being who is not in fault, the owner or custodian commits manslaughter and shall be punished for a category D felony as provided in NRS 193.130.

     [1911 C&P § 142; RL § 6407; NCL § 10089]—(NRS A 1967, 469; 1995, 1183)

     NRS 200.260  Death resulting from unlawful manufacture or storage of explosives; penalty.  A person who makes or keeps gunpowder or any other explosive substance in a city or town in any quantity or manner prohibited by law or by ordinance of the municipality commits manslaughter if an explosion thereof occurs whereby the death of a human being is occasioned, and shall be punished for a category D felony as provided in NRS 193.130.

     [1911 C&P § 144; RL § 6409; NCL § 10091]—(NRS A 1967, 469; 1983, 120; 1995, 1183)

BODILY INJURY

     NRS 200.275  Justifiable infliction or threat of bodily injury not punishable.  In addition to any other circumstances recognized as justification at common law, the infliction or threat of bodily injury is justifiable, and does not constitute mayhem, battery or assault, if done under circumstances which would justify homicide.

     (Added to NRS by 1983, 519)

     NRS 200.278  Information required to be provided to school district of person in secondary school who causes serious bodily injury.

     1.  If a court determines that a person who is currently enrolled in a secondary school unlawfully caused or attempted to cause serious bodily injury to another person, the court shall provide the information specified in subsection 2 to the school district in which the offender is currently enrolled.

     2.  The information required to be provided pursuant to subsection 1 must include:

     (a) The name of the offender;

     (b) A description of any injury sustained by the other person;

     (c) A description of any weapon used by the offender; and

     (d) A description of any threats made by the offender against the other person before, during or after the incident in which the offender injured or attempted to injure the person.

     (Added to NRS by 1997, 1363)

MAYHEM

     NRS 200.280  Definition; penalty.  Mayhem consists of unlawfully depriving a human being of a member of his or her body, or disfiguring or rendering it useless. If a person cuts out or disables the tongue, puts out an eye, slits the nose, ear or lip, or disables any limb or member of another, or voluntarily, or of purpose, puts out an eye, that person is guilty of mayhem which is a category B felony and shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison for a minimum term of not less than 2 years and a maximum term of not more than 10 years, and may be further punished by a fine of not more than $10,000.

     [1911 C&P § 151; RL § 6416; NCL § 10098]—(NRS A 1967, 469; 1979, 1425; 1995, 1183)

     NRS 200.290  Instrument or manner of inflicting injury immaterial.  To constitute mayhem it is immaterial by what means or instrument or in what manner the injury was inflicted.

     [1911 C&P § 152; RL § 6417; NCL § 10099]

     NRS 200.300  Injury not resulting in permanent injury; defendant may be convicted of assault.  Whenever upon a trial for mayhem it shall appear that the injury inflicted will not result in any permanent disfiguration of appearance, diminution of vigor, or other permanent injury, no conviction for maiming shall be had, but the defendant may be convicted of assault in any degree.

     [1911 C&P § 153; RL § 6418; NCL § 10100]

KIDNAPPING

     NRS 200.310  Degrees.

     1.  A person who willfully seizes, confines, inveigles, entices, decoys, abducts, conceals, kidnaps or carries away a person by any means whatsoever with the intent to hold or detain, or who holds or detains, the person for ransom, or reward, or for the purpose of committing sexual assault, extortion or robbery upon or from the person, or for the purpose of killing the person or inflicting substantial bodily harm upon the person, or to exact from relatives, friends, or any other person any money or valuable thing for the return or disposition of the kidnapped person, and a person who leads, takes, entices, or carries away or detains any minor with the intent to keep, imprison, or confine the minor from his or her parents, guardians, or any other person having lawful custody of the minor, or with the intent to hold the minor to unlawful service, or perpetrate upon the person of the minor any unlawful act is guilty of kidnapping in the first degree which is a category A felony.

     2.  A person who willfully and without authority of law seizes, inveigles, takes, carries away or kidnaps another person with the intent to keep the person secretly imprisoned within the State, or for the purpose of conveying the person out of the State without authority of law, or in any manner held to service or detained against the person’s will, is guilty of kidnapping in the second degree which is a category B felony.

     [1:165:1947; 1943 NCL § 10612.05]—(NRS A 1959, 20; 1979, 39; 1987, 495; 1995, 1184)

     NRS 200.320  Kidnapping in first degree: Penalties.  A person convicted of kidnapping in the first degree is guilty of a category A felony and shall be punished:

     1.  Where the kidnapped person suffers substantial bodily harm during the act of kidnapping or the subsequent detention and confinement or in attempted escape or escape therefrom, by imprisonment in the state prison:

     (a) For life without the possibility of parole;

     (b) For life with the possibility of parole, with eligibility for parole beginning when a minimum of 15 years has been served; or

     (c) For a definite term of 40 years, with eligibility for parole beginning when a minimum of 15 years has been served.

     2.  Where the kidnapped person suffers no substantial bodily harm as a result of the kidnapping, by imprisonment in the state prison:

     (a) For life with the possibility of parole, with eligibility for parole beginning when a minimum of 5 years has been served; or

     (b) For a definite term of 15 years, with eligibility for parole beginning when a minimum of 5 years has been served.

     [2:165:1947; 1943 NCL § 10612.06]—(NRS A 1967, 469; 1973, 1804; 1995, 1184)

     NRS 200.330  Kidnapping in second degree: Penalties.  A person convicted of kidnapping in the second degree is guilty of a category B felony and shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison for a minimum term of not less than 2 years and a maximum term of not more than 15 years, and may be further punished by a fine of not more than $15,000.

     [3:165:1947; 1943 NCL § 10612.07]—(NRS A 1967, 469; 1979, 1425; 1995, 1185)

     NRS 200.340  Penalty for aiding or abetting.

     1.  A person who aids and abets kidnapping in the first degree is guilty of a category A felony and shall be punished for kidnapping in the first degree as provided in NRS 200.320.

     2.  A person who aids and abets kidnapping in the second degree is guilty of a category B felony and shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison for a minimum term of not less than 2 years and a maximum term of not more than 15 years.

     [4:165:1947; 1943 NCL § 10612.08]—(NRS A 1967, 470; 1995, 1185)

     NRS 200.350  Where proceedings may be instituted; consent is not defense.

     1.  Any proceedings for kidnapping may be instituted either in the county where the offense was committed or in any county through or in which the person kidnapped or confined was taken or kept while under confinement or restraint.

     2.  Upon the trial for violation of NRS 200.310 to 200.350, inclusive, the consent thereto of the person kidnapped or confined shall not be a defense unless it appears satisfactorily to the jury that such person was above the age of 18 years and that the person’s consent was not extorted by threats, duress or fraud.

     [5:165:1947; 1943 NCL § 10612.09]

     NRS 200.357  Law enforcement officer required to take child into protective custody if child in danger of being removed from jurisdiction.  A law enforcement officer who is conducting an investigation or making an arrest concerning the abduction of a child shall take the child into protective custody if the law enforcement officer reasonably believes that the child is in danger of being removed from the jurisdiction.

     (Added to NRS by 1991, 1422)

     NRS 200.359  Detention, concealment or removal of child from person having lawful custody or from jurisdiction of court: Penalties; limitation on issuance of arrest warrant; restitution; exceptions.

     1.  A person having a limited right of custody to a child by operation of law or pursuant to an order, judgment or decree of any court, including a judgment or decree which grants another person rights to custody or visitation of the child, or any parent having no right of custody to the child, who:

     (a) In violation of an order, judgment or decree of any court willfully detains, conceals or removes the child from a parent, guardian or other person having lawful custody or a right of visitation of the child; or

     (b) In the case of an order, judgment or decree of any court that does not specify when the right to physical custody or visitation is to be exercised, removes the child from the jurisdiction of the court without the consent of either the court or all persons who have the right to custody or visitation,

Ê is guilty of a category D felony and shall be punished as provided in NRS 193.130.

     2.  A parent who has joint legal custody of a child pursuant to NRS 125.465 shall not willfully conceal or remove the child from the custody of the other parent with the specific intent to deprive the other parent of the parent and child relationship. A person who violates this subsection shall be punished as provided in subsection 1.

     3.  If the mother of a child has primary physical custody pursuant to subsection 2 of NRS 126.031, the father of the child shall not willfully conceal or remove the child from the physical custody of the mother. If the father of a child has primary physical custody pursuant to subsection 2 of NRS 126.031, the mother of the child shall not willfully conceal or remove the child from the physical custody of the father. A person who violates this subsection shall be punished as provided in subsection 1.

     4.  Before an arrest warrant may be issued for a violation of this section, the court must find that:

     (a) This is the home state of the child, as defined in NRS 125A.085; and

     (b) There is cause to believe that the entry of a court order in a civil proceeding brought pursuant to chapter 125, 125A or 125C of NRS will not be effective to enforce the rights of the parties and would not be in the best interests of the child.

     5.  Upon conviction for a violation of this section, the court shall order the defendant to pay restitution for any expenses incurred in locating or recovering the child.

     6.  The prosecuting attorney may recommend to the judge that the defendant be sentenced as for a misdemeanor and the judge may impose such a sentence if the judge finds that:

     (a) The defendant has no prior conviction for this offense and the child has suffered no substantial harm as a result of the offense; or

     (b) The interests of justice require that the defendant be punished as for a misdemeanor.

     7.  A person who aids or abets any other person to violate this section shall be punished as provided in subsection 1.

     8.  This section does not apply to a person who detains, conceals or removes a child to protect the child from the imminent danger of abuse or neglect or to protect himself or herself from imminent physical harm, and reported the detention, concealment or removal to a law enforcement agency or an agency which provides child welfare services within 24 hours after detaining, concealing or removing the child, or as soon as the circumstances allowed. As used in this subsection:

     (a) “Abuse or neglect” has the meaning ascribed to it in paragraph (a) of subsection 4 of NRS 200.508.

     (b) “Agency which provides child welfare services” has the meaning ascribed to it in NRS 432B.030.

     (Added to NRS by 1975, 1397; A 1981, 564; 1989, 1678; 1991, 1422; 1993, 1425; 1995, 997, 1185, 1338; 2001 Special Session, 17; 2003, 1005)

SEXUAL ASSAULT AND SEDUCTION

     NRS 200.364  Definitions.  As used in NRS 200.364 to 200.3784, inclusive, unless the context otherwise requires:

     1.  “Offense involving a pupil” means any of the following offenses:

     (a) Sexual conduct between certain employees of a school or volunteers at a school and a pupil pursuant to NRS 201.540.

     (b) Sexual conduct between certain employees of a college or university and a student pursuant to NRS 201.550.

     2.  “Perpetrator” means a person who commits a sexual offense or an offense involving a pupil.

     3.  “Sexual offense” means any of the following offenses:

     (a) Sexual assault pursuant to NRS 200.366.

     (b) Statutory sexual seduction pursuant to NRS 200.368.

     4.  “Sexual penetration” means cunnilingus, fellatio, or any intrusion, however slight, of any part of a person’s body or any object manipulated or inserted by a person into the genital or anal openings of the body of another, including sexual intercourse in its ordinary meaning.

     5.  “Statutory sexual seduction” means:

     (a) Ordinary sexual intercourse, anal intercourse, cunnilingus or fellatio committed by a person 18 years of age or older with a person under the age of 16 years; or

     (b) Any other sexual penetration committed by a person 18 years of age or older with a person under the age of 16 years with the intent of arousing, appealing to, or gratifying the lust or passions or sexual desires of either of the persons.

     6.  “Victim” means a person who is a victim of a sexual offense or an offense involving a pupil.

     (Added to NRS by 1977, 1626; A 1979, 572; 1991, 801; 1995, 700; 2009, 231, 1296)

     NRS 200.366  Sexual assault: Definition; penalties.

     1.  A person who subjects another person to sexual penetration, or who forces another person to make a sexual penetration on himself or herself or another, or on a beast, against the will of the victim or under conditions in which the perpetrator knows or should know that the victim is mentally or physically incapable of resisting or understanding the nature of his or her conduct, is guilty of sexual assault.

     2.  Except as otherwise provided in subsections 3 and 4, a person who commits a sexual assault is guilty of a category A felony and shall be punished:

     (a) If substantial bodily harm to the victim results from the actions of the defendant committed in connection with or as a part of the sexual assault, by imprisonment in the state prison:

           (1) For life without the possibility of parole; or

           (2) For life with the possibility of parole, with eligibility for parole beginning when a minimum of 15 years has been served.

     (b) If no substantial bodily harm to the victim results, by imprisonment in the state prison for life with the possibility of parole, with eligibility for parole beginning when a minimum of 10 years has been served.

     3.  Except as otherwise provided in subsection 4, a person who commits a sexual assault against a child under the age of 16 years is guilty of a category A felony and shall be punished:

     (a) If the crime results in substantial bodily harm to the child, by imprisonment in the state prison for life without the possibility of parole.

     (b) Except as otherwise provided in paragraph (c), if the crime does not result in substantial bodily harm to the child, by imprisonment in the state prison for life with the possibility of parole, with eligibility for parole beginning when a minimum of 25 years has been served.

     (c) If the crime is committed against a child under the age of 14 years and does not result in substantial bodily harm to the child, by imprisonment in the state prison for life with the possibility of parole, with eligibility for parole beginning when a minimum of 35 years has been served.

     4.  A person who commits a sexual assault against a child under the age of 16 years and who has been previously convicted of:

     (a) A sexual assault pursuant to this section or any other sexual offense against a child; or

     (b) An offense committed in another jurisdiction that, if committed in this State, would constitute a sexual assault pursuant to this section or any other sexual offense against a child,

Ê is guilty of a category A felony and shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison for life without the possibility of parole.

     5.  For the purpose of this section, “other sexual offense against a child” means any act committed by an adult upon a child constituting:

     (a) Incest pursuant to NRS 201.180;

     (b) Lewdness with a child pursuant to NRS 201.230;

     (c) Sado-masochistic abuse pursuant to NRS 201.262; or

     (d) Luring a child using a computer, system or network pursuant to NRS 201.560, if punished as a felony.

     (Added to NRS by 1977, 1626; A 1991, 612; 1995, 1186; 1997, 1179, 1719; 1999, 431; 2003, 2825; 2005, 2874; 2007, 3255)

     NRS 200.368  Statutory sexual seduction: Penalties.  Except under circumstances where a greater penalty is provided in NRS 201.540, a person who commits statutory sexual seduction shall be punished:

     1.  If the person is 21 years of age or older, for a category C felony as provided in NRS 193.130.

     2.  If the person is under the age of 21 years, for a gross misdemeanor.

     (Added to NRS by 1977, 1627; A 1979, 1426; 1995, 1187; 2001, 703)

     NRS 200.373  Sexual assault of spouse by spouse.  It is no defense to a charge of sexual assault that the perpetrator was, at the time of the assault, married to the victim, if the assault was committed by force or by the threat of force.

     (Added to NRS by 1967, 470; A 1975, 1141; 1977, 1628; 1987, 1165)

     NRS 200.377  Victims of certain sexual offenses: Legislative findings and declarations.  The Legislature finds and declares that:

     1.  This State has a compelling interest in assuring that the victim of a sexual offense or an offense involving a pupil:

     (a) Reports the sexual offense or offense involving a pupil to the appropriate authorities;

     (b) Cooperates in the investigation and prosecution of the sexual offense or offense involving a pupil; and

     (c) Testifies at the criminal trial of the person charged with committing the sexual offense or offense involving a pupil.

     2.  The fear of public identification and invasion of privacy are fundamental concerns for the victims of sexual offenses or offenses involving a pupil. If these concerns are not addressed and the victims are left unprotected, the victims may refrain from reporting and prosecuting sexual offenses or offenses involving a pupil.

     3.  A victim of a sexual offense or an offense involving a pupil may be harassed, intimidated and psychologically harmed by a public report that identifies the victim. A sexual offense or an offense involving a pupil is, in many ways, a unique, distinctive and intrusive personal trauma. The consequences of identification are often additional psychological trauma and the public disclosure of private personal experiences.

     4.  Recent public criminal trials have focused attention on these issues and have dramatized the need for basic protections for the victims of sexual offenses or offenses involving a pupil.

     5.  The public has no overriding need to know the individual identity of the victim of a sexual offense or an offense involving a pupil.

     6.  The purpose of NRS 200.3771 to 200.3774, inclusive, is to protect the victims of sexual offenses and offenses involving a pupil from harassment, intimidation, psychological trauma and the unwarranted invasion of their privacy by prohibiting the disclosure of their identities to the public.

     (Added to NRS by 1993, 2475; A 2009, 1296)

     NRS 200.3771  Victims of certain sexual offenses: Confidentiality of records and reports that reveal identity; when disclosure permitted; penalty.

     1.  Except as otherwise provided in this section, any information which is contained in:

     (a) Court records, including testimony from witnesses;

     (b) Intelligence or investigative data, reports of crime or incidents of criminal activity or other information;

     (c) Records of criminal history, as that term is defined in NRS 179A.070; and

     (d) Records in the Central Repository for Nevada Records of Criminal History,

Ê that reveals the identity of a victim of a sexual offense or an offense involving a pupil is confidential, including but not limited to the victim’s photograph, likeness, name, address or telephone number.

     2.  A defendant charged with a sexual offense or an offense involving a pupil and the defendant’s attorney are entitled to all identifying information concerning the victim in order to prepare the defense of the defendant. The defendant and the defendant’s attorney shall not disclose this information except, as necessary, to those persons directly involved in the preparation of the defense.

     3.  A court of competent jurisdiction may authorize the release of the identifying information, upon application, if the court determines that:

     (a) The person making the application has demonstrated to the satisfaction of the court that good cause exists for the disclosure;

     (b) The disclosure will not place the victim at risk of personal harm; and

     (c) Reasonable notice of the application and an opportunity to be heard have been given to the victim.

     4.  Nothing in this section prohibits:

     (a) Any publication or broadcast by the media concerning a sexual offense or an offense involving a pupil.

     (b) The disclosure of identifying information to any nonprofit organization or public agency whose purpose is to provide counseling, services for the management of crises or other assistance to the victims of crimes if:

           (1) The organization or agency needs identifying information of victims to offer such services; and

           (2) The court or a law enforcement agency approves the organization or agency for the receipt of the identifying information.

     5.  The willful violation of any provision of this section or the willful neglect or refusal to obey any court order made pursuant thereto is punishable as criminal contempt.

     (Added to NRS by 1993, 2476; A 2009, 1297)

     NRS 200.3772  Victims of certain sexual offenses: Procedure for substituting pseudonym for name on files, records and reports; actual identity confidential; when disclosure required; immunity for unintentional disclosure.

     1.  A victim of a sexual offense or an offense involving a pupil may choose a pseudonym to be used instead of the victim’s name on all files, records and documents pertaining to the sexual offense or offense involving a pupil, including, without limitation, criminal intelligence and investigative reports, court records and media releases.

     2.  A victim who chooses to use a pseudonym shall file a form to choose a pseudonym with the law enforcement agency investigating the sexual offense or offense involving a pupil. The form must be provided by the law enforcement agency.

     3.  If the victim files a form to use a pseudonym, as soon as practicable the law enforcement agency shall make a good faith effort to:

     (a) Substitute the pseudonym for the name of the victim on all reports, files and records in the agency’s possession; and

     (b) Notify the prosecuting attorney of the pseudonym.

Ê The law enforcement agency shall maintain the form in a manner that protects the confidentiality of the information contained therein.

     4.  Upon notification that a victim has elected to be designated by a pseudonym, the court shall ensure that the victim is designated by the pseudonym in all legal proceedings concerning the sexual offense or offense involving a pupil.

     5.  The information contained on the form to choose a pseudonym concerning the actual identity of the victim is confidential and must not be disclosed to any person other than the defendant or the defendant’s attorney unless a court of competent jurisdiction orders the disclosure of the information. The disclosure of information to a defendant or the defendant’s attorney is subject to the conditions and restrictions specified in subsection 2 of NRS 200.3771. A person who violates this subsection is guilty of a misdemeanor.

     6.  A court of competent jurisdiction may order the disclosure of the information contained on the form only if it finds that the information is essential in the trial of the defendant accused of the sexual offense or offense involving a pupil or the identity of the victim is at issue.

     7.  A law enforcement agency that complies with the requirements of this section is immune from civil liability for unknowingly or unintentionally:

     (a) Disclosing any information contained on the form filed by a victim pursuant to this section that reveals the identity of the victim; or

     (b) Failing to substitute the pseudonym of the victim for the name of the victim on all reports, files and records in the agency’s possession.

     (Added to NRS by 1993, 2477; A 2009, 1298)

     NRS 200.3773  Victims of certain sexual offenses: Public officer or employee prohibited from disclosing identity; exceptions; penalty.

     1.  A public officer or employee who has access to any records, files or other documents which include the photograph, likeness, name, address, telephone number or other fact or information that reveals the identity of a victim of a sexual offense or an offense involving a pupil shall not intentionally or knowingly disclose the identifying information to any person other than:

     (a) The defendant or the defendant’s attorney;

     (b) A person who is directly involved in the investigation, prosecution or defense of the case;

     (c) A person specifically named in a court order issued pursuant to NRS 200.3771; or

     (d) A nonprofit organization or public agency approved to receive the information pursuant to NRS 200.3771.

     2.  A person who violates the provisions of subsection 1 is guilty of a misdemeanor.

     (Added to NRS by 1993, 2477; A 2009, 1298)

     NRS 200.3774  Victims of certain sexual offenses: Effect of waiver of confidentiality.  The provisions of NRS 200.3771, 200.3772 and 200.3773 do not apply if the victim of the sexual offense or offense involving a pupil voluntarily waives, in writing, the confidentiality of the information concerning the victim’s identity.

     (Added to NRS by 1993, 2478; A 2009, 1299)

     NRS 200.378  Court may impose temporary or extended order to restrict conduct of alleged perpetrator, defendant or convicted person; penalty for violation of order; dissemination of order; notice provided in order.

     1.  In addition to any other remedy provided by law, a person who reasonably believes that the crime of sexual assault has been committed against him or her by another person may petition any court of competent jurisdiction for a temporary or extended order directing the person who allegedly committed the sexual assault to:

     (a) Stay away from the home, school, business or place of employment of the victim of the alleged sexual assault and any other location specifically named by the court.

     (b) Refrain from contacting, intimidating, threatening or otherwise interfering with the victim of the alleged sexual assault and any other person named in the order, including, without limitation, a member of the family or the household of the victim of the alleged sexual assault.

     (c) Comply with any other restriction which the court deems necessary to protect the victim of the alleged sexual assault or to protect any other person named in the order, including, without limitation, a member of the family or the household of the victim of the alleged sexual assault.

     2.  If a defendant charged with a crime involving sexual assault is released from custody before trial or is found guilty at the trial, the court may issue a temporary or extended order or provide as a condition of the release or sentence that the defendant:

     (a) Stay away from the home, school, business or place of employment of the victim of the alleged sexual assault and any other location specifically named by the court.

     (b) Refrain from contacting, intimidating, threatening or otherwise interfering with the victim of the alleged sexual assault and any other person named in the order, including, without limitation, a member of the family or the household of the victim of the alleged sexual assault.

     (c) Comply with any other restriction which the court deems necessary to protect the victim of the alleged sexual assault or to protect any other person named in the order, including, without limitation, a member of the family or the household of the victim of the alleged sexual assault.

     3.  A temporary order may be granted with or without notice to the adverse party. An extended order may be granted only after:

     (a) Notice of the petition for the order and of the hearing thereon is served upon the adverse party pursuant to the Nevada Rules of Civil Procedure; and

     (b) A hearing is held on the petition.

     4.  If an extended order is issued by a justice court, an interlocutory appeal lies to the district court, which may affirm, modify or vacate the order in question. The appeal may be taken without bond, but its taking does not stay the effect or enforcement of the order.

     5.  Unless a more severe penalty is prescribed by law for the act that constitutes the violation of the order, any person who intentionally violates:

     (a) A temporary order is guilty of a gross misdemeanor.

     (b) An extended order is guilty of a category C felony and shall be punished as provided in NRS 193.130.

     6.  Any court order issued pursuant to this section must:

     (a) Be in writing;

     (b) Be personally served on the person to whom it is directed; and

     (c) Contain the warning that violation of the order:

           (1) Subjects the person to immediate arrest.

           (2) Is a gross misdemeanor if the order is a temporary order.

           (3) Is a category C felony if the order is an extended order.

     7.  A temporary or extended order issued pursuant to this section must provide notice that a person who is arrested for violating the order will not be admitted to bail sooner than 12 hours after the arrest if:

     (a) The arresting officer determines that such a violation is accompanied by a direct or indirect threat of harm;

     (b) The person has previously violated a temporary or extended order for protection; or

     (c) At the time of the violation or within 2 hours after the violation, the person has:

           (1) A concentration of alcohol of 0.08 or more in his or her blood or breath; or

           (2) An amount of a prohibited substance in his or her blood or urine that is equal to or greater than the amount set forth in subsection 3 of NRS 484C.110.

     (Added to NRS by 2009, 228)

     NRS 200.3781  Petitioner for order: Deferment of costs and fees; free information concerning order; no fee for serving order.

     1.  The payment of all costs and official fees must be deferred for any person who petitions a court for a temporary or extended order pursuant to NRS 200.378. After any hearing and not later than final disposition of such an application or order, the court shall assess the costs and fees against the adverse party, except that the court may reduce them or waive them, as justice may require.

     2.  The clerk of the court shall provide a person who petitions the court for a temporary or extended order pursuant to NRS 200.378 and the adverse party, free of cost, with information about the:

     (a) Availability of temporary and extended orders pursuant to NRS 200.378;

     (b) Procedure for filing an application for such an order; and

     (c) Right to proceed without legal counsel.

     3.  A person who obtains an order pursuant to NRS 200.378 must not be charged any fee to have the order served in this State.

     (Added to NRS by 2009, 230)

     NRS 200.3782  Duration of orders; dissolution or modification of temporary order.

     1.  A temporary order issued pursuant to NRS 200.378 expires within such time, not to exceed 30 days, as the court fixes. If a petition for an extended order is filed within the period of a temporary order, the temporary order remains in effect until the hearing on the extended order is held.

     2.  On 2 days’ notice to the party who obtained the temporary order, the adverse party may appear and move its dissolution or modification, and in that event, the court shall proceed to hear and determine such motion as expeditiously as the ends of justice require.

     3.  An extended order expires within such time, not to exceed 1 year, as the court fixes. A temporary order may be converted by the court, upon notice to the adverse party and a hearing, into an extended order effective for not more than 1 year.

     (Added to NRS by 2009, 230)

     NRS 200.3783  Order to be transmitted to law enforcement agencies; enforcement.

     1.  Each court that issues an order pursuant to NRS 200.378 shall transmit, as soon as practicable, a copy of the order to all law enforcement agencies within its jurisdiction. The copy must include a notation of the date on which the order was personally served upon the person to whom it is directed.

     2.  A peace officer, without a warrant, may arrest and take into custody a person when the peace officer has probable cause to believe that:

     (a) An order has been issued pursuant to NRS 200.378 to the person to be arrested;

     (b) The person to be arrested has been served with a copy of the order; and

     (c) The person to be arrested is acting in violation of the order.

     3.  Any law enforcement agency in this State may enforce a court order issued pursuant to NRS 200.378.

     (Added to NRS by 2009, 230)

     NRS 200.3784  Victim to be given certain information and documents concerning case; clerk to keep record of order or condition restricting conduct of defendant.

     1.  The prosecuting attorney in any trial brought against a person on a charge of sexual assault shall inform the alleged victim of the final disposition of the case.

     2.  If the defendant is found guilty and the court issues an order or provides a condition of the sentence restricting the ability of the defendant to have contact with the victim or witnesses, the clerk of the court shall:

     (a) Keep a record of the order or condition of the sentence; and

     (b) Provide a certified copy of the order or condition of the sentence to the victim and other persons named in the order.

     (Added to NRS by 2009, 230)

ROBBERY

     NRS 200.380  Definition; penalty.

     1.  Robbery is the unlawful taking of personal property from the person of another, or in the person’s presence, against his or her will, by means of force or violence or fear of injury, immediate or future, to his or her person or property, or the person or property of a member of his or her family, or of anyone in his or her company at the time of the robbery. A taking is by means of force or fear if force or fear is used to:

     (a) Obtain or retain possession of the property;

     (b) Prevent or overcome resistance to the taking; or

     (c) Facilitate escape.

Ê The degree of force used is immaterial if it is used to compel acquiescence to the taking of or escaping with the property. A taking constitutes robbery whenever it appears that, although the taking was fully completed without the knowledge of the person from whom taken, such knowledge was prevented by the use of force or fear.

     2.  A person who commits robbery is guilty of a category B felony and shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison for a minimum term of not less than 2 years and a maximum term of not more than 15 years.

     [1911 C&P § 162; RL § 6427; NCL § 10109]—(NRS A 1961, 53; 1967, 470; 1993, 253; 1995, 1187)

ATTEMPTS TO KILL

     NRS 200.390  Administration of poison: Penalty.  A person who willfully and maliciously administers or causes to be administered to or taken by a person, any poison, or other noxious or destructive substance or liquid, with the intention to cause the death of the person, and being thereof duly convicted, is guilty of a category A felony and shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison:

     1.  For life with the possibility of parole, with eligibility for parole beginning when a minimum of 5 years has been served; or

     2.  For a definite term of 15 years, with eligibility for parole beginning when a minimum of 5 years has been served.

     [1911 C&P § 139; RL § 6404; NCL § 10086]—(NRS A 1967, 471; 1995, 1188)

BATTERY WITH INTENT TO COMMIT A CRIME

     NRS 200.400  Definition; penalties.

     1.  As used in this section:

     (a) “Battery” means any willful and unlawful use of force or violence upon the person of another.

     (b) “Strangulation” has the meaning ascribed to it in NRS 200.481.

     2.  A person who is convicted of battery with the intent to commit mayhem, robbery or grand larceny is guilty of a category B felony and shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison for a minimum term of not less than 2 years and a maximum term of not more than 10 years, and may be further punished by a fine of not more than $10,000.

     3.  A person who is convicted of battery with the intent to kill is guilty of a category B felony and shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison for a minimum term of not less than 2 years and a maximum term of not more than 20 years.

     4.  A person who is convicted of battery with the intent to commit sexual assault shall be punished:

     (a) If the crime results in substantial bodily harm to the victim or is committed by strangulation, for a category A felony by imprisonment in the state prison:

           (1) For life without the possibility of parole; or

           (2) For life with the possibility of parole, with eligibility for parole beginning when a minimum of 10 years has been served,

Ê as determined by the verdict of the jury, or the judgment of the court if there is no jury.

     (b) If the crime does not result in substantial bodily harm to the victim and the victim is 16 years of age or older, for a category A felony by imprisonment in the state prison for a minimum term of not less than 2 years and a maximum term of life with the possibility of parole.

     (c) If the crime does not result in substantial bodily harm to the victim and the victim is a child under the age of 16, for a category A felony by imprisonment in the state prison for a minimum term of not less than 5 years and a maximum term of life with the possibility of parole.

Ê In addition to any other penalty, a person convicted pursuant to this subsection may be punished by a fine of not more than $10,000.

     [1911 C&P § 148; RL § 6413; NCL § 10095]—(NRS A 1967, 471; 1971, 1385; 1973, 1805; 1977, 1628; 1979, 1426; 1981, 903; 1985, 247; 1991, 123; 1995, 1188; 2005, 2875; 2009, 87)

ADMINISTRATION OF DRUG TO AID COMMISSION OF CRIME

     NRS 200.405  Administration of drug to aid commission of felony: Penalty.  Unless a greater penalty is provided in NRS 200.408, a person who administers to another person any chloroform, ether, laudanum, or any controlled substance, anesthetic, or intoxicating or emetic agent, with the intent thereby to enable or assist himself or herself or any other person to commit a felony, is guilty of a category B felony and shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison for a minimum term of not less than 1 year and a maximum term of not more than 10 years.

     (Added to NRS by 1987, 1624; A 1995, 1189; 1997, 903)

     NRS 200.408  Administration of controlled substance to aid commission of crime of violence: Penalty; definitions.

     1.  A person who causes to be administered to another person any controlled substance without that person’s knowledge and with the intent thereby to enable or assist himself or herself or any other person to commit a crime of violence against that person or the property of that person, is guilty of a category B felony and shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison for a minimum term of not less than 1 year and a maximum term of not more than 20 years.

     2.  As used in this section:

     (a) “Controlled substance” includes flunitrazepam and gamma-hydroxybutyrate and each substance for which flunitrazepam or gamma-hydroxybutyrate is an immediate precursor as defined in NRS 453.086.

     (b) “Crime of violence” means:

           (1) Any offense involving the use or threatened use of force or violence against the person or property of another; or

           (2) Any felony for which there is a substantial risk that force or violence may be used against the person or property of another in the commission of the felony.

     (c) “Without a person’s knowledge” means the person is unaware that a substance that can alter the person’s ability to appraise conduct or to decline participation in or communicate an unwillingness to participate in conduct has been administered to the person.

     (Added to NRS by 1997, 902)

DUELS AND CHALLENGES

     NRS 200.410  Death resulting from duel; penalty.  If a person fights, by previous appointment or agreement, a duel with a rifle, shotgun, pistol, bowie knife, dirk, smallsword, backsword or other dangerous weapon, and in so doing kills his or her antagonist, or any person, or inflicts such a wound that the party or parties injured die thereof, each such offender is guilty of murder in the first degree, which is a category A felony, and upon conviction thereof shall be punished as provided in subsection 4 of NRS 200.030.

     [1911 C&P § 157; RL § 6422; NCL § 10104]—(NRS A 1959, 10; 1995, 1189; 1999, 2)

     NRS 200.430  Incriminating testimony; witness’s privilege.  Any person who is present at the time of fighting any duel with deadly weapons, as second, aid, surgeon or spectator, or who advises or gives assistance to such a duel, is a competent witness against any person offending against any of the provisions of NRS 200.410 and may be compelled to appear and give evidence before any justice of the peace, grand jury or court, in the same manner as other witnesses; but the testimony so given may not be used in any prosecution or proceeding, civil or criminal, against the person so testifying.

     [1911 C&P § 159; RL § 6424; NCL § 10106]—(NRS A 1979, 1426)

     NRS 200.440  Posting for not fighting; use of contemptuous language.  If any person posts another, or in writing, print or orally uses any reproachable or contemptuous language to or concerning another, for not fighting a duel, or for not sending or accepting a challenge, the person is guilty of a gross misdemeanor.

     [1911 C&P § 160; RL § 6425; NCL § 10107]—(NRS A 1959, 10; 1967, 471)

     NRS 200.450  Challenges to fight; penalties.

     1.  If a person, upon previous concert and agreement, fights with any other person or gives, sends or authorizes any other person to give or send a challenge verbally or in writing to fight any other person, the person giving, sending or accepting the challenge to fight any other person shall be punished:

     (a) If the fight does not involve the use of a deadly weapon, for a gross misdemeanor; or

     (b) If the fight involves the use of a deadly weapon, for a category B felony by imprisonment in the state prison for a minimum term of not less than 1 year and a maximum term of not more than 6 years, and may be further punished by a fine of not more than $5,000.

     2.  A person who acts for another in giving, sending, or accepting, either verbally or in writing, a challenge to fight any other person shall be punished:

     (a) If the fight does not involve the use of a deadly weapon, for a gross misdemeanor; or

     (b) If the fight involves the use of a deadly weapon, for a category B felony by imprisonment in the state prison for a minimum term of not less than 1 year and a maximum term of not more than 6 years, and may be further punished by a fine of not more than $5,000.

     3.  Should death ensue to a person in such a fight, or should a person die from any injuries received in such a fight, the person causing or having any agency in causing the death, either by fighting or by giving or sending for himself or herself or for any other person, or in receiving for himself or herself or for any other person, the challenge to fight, is guilty of murder in the first degree which is a category A felony and shall be punished as provided in subsection 4 of NRS 200.030.

     [1911 C&P § 161; RL § 6426; NCL § 10108]—(NRS A 1967, 472; 1977, 884; 1979, 1426; 1995, 1189; 1999, 2)

FALSE IMPRISONMENT

     NRS 200.460  Definition; penalties.

     1.  False imprisonment is an unlawful violation of the personal liberty of another, and consists in confinement or detention without sufficient legal authority.

     2.  A person convicted of false imprisonment shall pay all damages sustained by the person so imprisoned, and, except as otherwise provided in this section, is guilty of a gross misdemeanor.

     3.  Unless a greater penalty is provided pursuant to subsection 4, if the false imprisonment is committed:

     (a) By a prisoner in a penal institution without a deadly weapon; or

     (b) By any other person with the use of a deadly weapon,

Ê the person convicted of such a false imprisonment is guilty of a category B felony and shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison for a minimum term of not less than 1 year and a maximum term of not more than 6 years.

     4.  Unless a greater penalty is provided pursuant to subsection 5, if the false imprisonment is committed by using the person so imprisoned as a shield or to avoid arrest, the person convicted of such a false imprisonment is guilty of a category B felony and shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison for a minimum term of not less than 1 year and a maximum term of not more than 15 years.

     5.  If the false imprisonment is committed by a prisoner who is in lawful custody or confinement with the use of a deadly weapon, the person convicted of such a false imprisonment is guilty of a category B felony and shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison for a minimum term of not less than 1 year and a maximum term of not more than 20 years.

     [1911 C&P § 175; RL § 6440; NCL § 10122]—(NRS A 1967, 472; 1981, 614; 1995, 1190; 2003, 387)

INVOLUNTARY SERVITUDE; PURCHASE OR SALE OF PERSON

     NRS 200.463  Involuntary servitude; penalties.

     1.  A person who knowingly subjects, or attempts to subject, another person to forced labor or services by:

     (a) Causing or threatening to cause physical harm to any person;

     (b) Physically restraining or threatening to physically restrain any person;

     (c) Abusing or threatening to abuse the law or legal process;

     (d) Knowingly destroying, concealing, removing, confiscating or possessing any actual or purported passport or other immigration document, or any other actual or purported government identification document, of the person;

     (e) Extortion; or

     (f) Causing or threatening to cause financial harm to any person,

Ê is guilty of holding a person in involuntary servitude.

     2.  A person who is found guilty of holding a person in involuntary servitude is guilty of a category B felony and shall be punished:

     (a) Where the victim suffers substantial bodily harm while held in involuntary servitude or in attempted escape or escape therefrom, by imprisonment in the state prison for a minimum term of not less than 7 years and a maximum term of not more than 20 years, and may be further punished by a fine of not more than $50,000.

     (b) Where the victim suffers no substantial bodily harm as a result of being held in involuntary servitude, by imprisonment in the state prison for a minimum term of not less than 5 years and a maximum term of not more than 20 years, and may be further punished by a fine of not more than $50,000.

     (Added to NRS by 2005, 87)

     NRS 200.464  Recruiting, enticing, harboring, transporting, providing or obtaining another person to be held in involuntary servitude; benefiting from another person being held in involuntary servitude; penalty.  Unless a greater penalty is provided pursuant to NRS 200.468, a person who knowingly:

     1.  Recruits, entices, harbors, transports, provides or obtains by any means, or attempts to recruit, entice, harbor, transport, provide or obtain by any means, another person, intending or knowing that the person will be held in involuntary servitude; or

     2.  Benefits, financially or by receiving anything of value, from participating in a violation of NRS 200.463,

Ê is guilty of a category B felony and shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison for a minimum term of not less than 1 year and a maximum term of not more than 15 years, and may be further punished by a fine of not more than $50,000.

     (Added to NRS by 2005, 88; A 2007, 1268)

     NRS 200.465  Assuming rights of ownership over another person; purchase or sale of person; penalty.  A person who:

     1.  Assumes or attempts to assume rights of ownership over another person;

     2.  Sells or attempts to sell a person to another;

     3.  Receives money or anything of value in consideration of placing a person in the custody or under the control of another;

     4.  Buys or attempts to buy a person;

     5.  Except as otherwise provided in chapter 127 of NRS, pays money or delivers anything of value to another in consideration of having a person placed in his or her custody or under his or her power or control; or

     6.  Knowingly aids or assists in any manner a person who violates any provision of this section,

Ê is guilty of a category B felony and shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison for a minimum term of not less than 5 years and a maximum term of not more than 20 years, and may be further punished by a fine of not more than $50,000.

     (Added to NRS by 1989, 1186; A 1995, 1190; 2005, 88)

TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS

     NRS 200.467  Trafficking in persons for financial gain; penalties.

     1.  A person shall not transport, procure transportation for or assist in the transportation of or procurement of transportation for another person into the State of Nevada who the person knows or has reason to know does not have the legal right to enter or remain in the United States in exchange for money or other financial gain.

     2.  A person who violates the provisions of subsection 1 is guilty of trafficking in persons and, unless a greater penalty is provided pursuant to NRS 200.464 or 200.468, shall be punished for a category B felony by imprisonment in the state prison for a minimum term of not less than 1 year and a maximum term of not more than 10 years, and may be further punished by a fine of not more than $50,000.

     (Added to NRS by 2007, 1267)

     NRS 200.468  Trafficking in persons for illegal purposes; penalty.

     1.  A person shall not transport, procure transportation for or assist in the transportation of or procurement of transportation for another person into the State of Nevada whom the person knows or has reason to know does not have the legal right to enter or remain in the United States with the intent to:

     (a) Subject the person to involuntary servitude or any other act prohibited pursuant to NRS 200.463 or 200.465;

     (b) Violate any state or federal labor law, including, without limitation, 8 U.S.C. § 1324a; or

     (c) Commit any other crime which is punishable by not less than 1 year imprisonment in the state prison.

     2.  A person who violates the provisions of subsection 1 is guilty of trafficking in persons for illegal purposes and shall be punished for a category B felony by imprisonment in the state prison for a minimum term of not less than 1 year and a maximum term of not more than 20 years, and may be further punished by a fine of not more than $50,000.

     (Added to NRS by 2007, 1267)

ASSAULT AND BATTERY

     NRS 200.471  Assault: Definitions; penalties. [Effective through December 31, 2011.]

     1.  As used in this section:

     (a) “Assault” means:

           (1) Unlawfully attempting to use physical force against another person; or

           (2) Intentionally placing another person in reasonable apprehension of immediate bodily harm.

     (b) “Officer” means:

           (1) A person who possesses some or all of the powers of a peace officer;

           (2) A person employed in a full-time salaried occupation of fire fighting for the benefit or safety of the public;

           (3) A member of a volunteer fire department;

           (4) A jailer, guard or other correctional officer of a city or county jail;

           (5) A justice of the Supreme Court, district judge, justice of the peace, municipal judge, magistrate, court commissioner, master or referee, including a person acting pro tempore in a capacity listed in this subparagraph; or

           (6) An employee of the State or a political subdivision of the State whose official duties require the employee to make home visits.

     (c) “Provider of health care” means a physician, a perfusionist or a physician assistant licensed pursuant to chapter 630 of NRS, a practitioner of respiratory care, a homeopathic physician, an advanced practitioner of homeopathy, a homeopathic assistant, an osteopathic physician, a physician assistant licensed pursuant to chapter 633 of NRS, a podiatric physician, a podiatry hygienist, a physical therapist, a medical laboratory technician, an optometrist, a chiropractor, a chiropractor’s assistant, a doctor of Oriental medicine, a nurse, a student nurse, a certified nursing assistant, a nursing assistant trainee, a medication aide - certified, a dentist, a dental hygienist, a pharmacist, an intern pharmacist, an attendant on an ambulance or air ambulance, a psychologist, a social worker, a marriage and family therapist, a marriage and family therapist intern, a clinical professional counselor, a clinical professional counselor intern and an emergency medical technician.

     (d) “School employee” means a licensed or unlicensed person employed by a board of trustees of a school district pursuant to NRS 391.100.

     (e) “Sporting event” has the meaning ascribed to it in NRS 41.630.

     (f) “Sports official” has the meaning ascribed to it in NRS 41.630.

     (g) “Taxicab” has the meaning ascribed to it in NRS 706.8816.

     (h) “Taxicab driver” means a person who operates a taxicab.

     (i) “Transit operator” means a person who operates a bus or other vehicle as part of a public mass transportation system.

     2.  A person convicted of an assault shall be punished:

     (a) If paragraph (c) or (d) does not apply to the circumstances of the crime and the assault is not made with the use of a deadly weapon or the present ability to use a deadly weapon, for a misdemeanor.

     (b) If the assault is made with the use of a deadly weapon or the present ability to use a deadly weapon, for a category B felony by imprisonment in the state prison for a minimum term of not less than 1 year and a maximum term of not more than 6 years, or by a fine of not more than $5,000, or by both fine and imprisonment.

     (c) If paragraph (d) does not apply to the circumstances of the crime and if the assault is committed upon an officer, a provider of health care, a school employee, a taxicab driver or a transit operator who is performing his or her duty or upon a sports official based on the performance of his or her duties at a sporting event and the person charged knew or should have known that the victim was an officer, a provider of health care, a school employee, a taxicab driver, a transit operator or a sports official, for a gross misdemeanor, unless the assault is made with the use of a deadly weapon or the present ability to use a deadly weapon, then for a category B felony by imprisonment in the state prison for a minimum term of not less than 1 year and a maximum term of not more than 6 years, or by a fine of not more than $5,000, or by both fine and imprisonment.

     (d) If the assault is committed upon an officer, a provider of health care, a school employee, a taxicab driver or a transit operator who is performing his or her duty or upon a sports official based on the performance of his or her duties at a sporting event by a probationer, a prisoner who is in lawful custody or confinement or a parolee, and the probationer, prisoner or parolee charged knew or should have known that the victim was an officer, a provider of health care, a school employee, a taxicab driver, a transit operator or a sports official, for a category D felony as provided in NRS 193.130, unless the assault is made with the use of a deadly weapon or the present ability to use a deadly weapon, then for a category B felony by imprisonment in the state prison for a minimum term of not less than 1 year and a maximum term of not more than 6 years, or by a fine of not more than $5,000, or by both fine and imprisonment.

     (Added to NRS by 1971, 1384; A 1981, 903; 1985, 248; 1989, 1010; 1991, 124, 774; 1995, 21, 1190, 1321; 1997, 434; 1999, 140; 2001, 380, 986, 987; 2003, 354; 2005, 176; 2007, 1848, 3078; 2009, 74, 2991; 2011, 1336)

     NRS 200.471  Assault: Definitions; penalties. [Effective January 1, 2012.]

     1.  As used in this section:

     (a) “Assault” means:

           (1) Unlawfully attempting to use physical force against another person; or

           (2) Intentionally placing another person in reasonable apprehension of immediate bodily harm.

     (b) “Officer” means:

           (1) A person who possesses some or all of the powers of a peace officer;

           (2) A person employed in a full-time salaried occupation of fire fighting for the benefit or safety of the public;

           (3) A member of a volunteer fire department;

           (4) A jailer, guard or other correctional officer of a city or county jail;

           (5) A justice of the Supreme Court, district judge, justice of the peace, municipal judge, magistrate, court commissioner, master or referee, including a person acting pro tempore in a capacity listed in this subparagraph; or

           (6) An employee of the State or a political subdivision of the State whose official duties require the employee to make home visits.

     (c) “Provider of health care” means a physician, a perfusionist or a physician assistant licensed pursuant to chapter 630 of NRS, a practitioner of respiratory care, a homeopathic physician, an advanced practitioner of homeopathy, a homeopathic assistant, an osteopathic physician, a physician assistant licensed pursuant to chapter 633 of NRS, a podiatric physician, a podiatry hygienist, a physical therapist, a medical laboratory technician, an optometrist, a chiropractor, a chiropractor’s assistant, a doctor of Oriental medicine, a nurse, a student nurse, a certified nursing assistant, a nursing assistant trainee, a medication aide - certified, a dentist, a dental hygienist, a pharmacist, an intern pharmacist, an attendant on an ambulance or air ambulance, a psychologist, a social worker, a marriage and family therapist, a marriage and family therapist intern, a clinical professional counselor, a clinical professional counselor intern, a licensed dietitian and an emergency medical technician.

     (d) “School employee” means a licensed or unlicensed person employed by a board of trustees of a school district pursuant to NRS 391.100.

     (e) “Sporting event” has the meaning ascribed to it in NRS 41.630.

     (f) “Sports official” has the meaning ascribed to it in NRS 41.630.

     (g) “Taxicab” has the meaning ascribed to it in NRS 706.8816.

     (h) “Taxicab driver” means a person who operates a taxicab.

     (i) “Transit operator” means a person who operates a bus or other vehicle as part of a public mass transportation system.

     2.  A person convicted of an assault shall be punished:

     (a) If paragraph (c) or (d) does not apply to the circumstances of the crime and the assault is not made with the use of a deadly weapon or the present ability to use a deadly weapon, for a misdemeanor.

     (b) If the assault is made with the use of a deadly weapon or the present ability to use a deadly weapon, for a category B felony by imprisonment in the state prison for a minimum term of not less than 1 year and a maximum term of not more than 6 years, or by a fine of not more than $5,000, or by both fine and imprisonment.

     (c) If paragraph (d) does not apply to the circumstances of the crime and if the assault is committed upon an officer, a provider of health care, a school employee, a taxicab driver or a transit operator who is performing his or her duty or upon a sports official based on the performance of his or her duties at a sporting event and the person charged knew or should have known that the victim was an officer, a provider of health care, a school employee, a taxicab driver, a transit operator or a sports official, for a gross misdemeanor, unless the assault is made with the use of a deadly weapon or the present ability to use a deadly weapon, then for a category B felony by imprisonment in the state prison for a minimum term of not less than 1 year and a maximum term of not more than 6 years, or by a fine of not more than $5,000, or by both fine and imprisonment.

     (d) If the assault is committed upon an officer, a provider of health care, a school employee, a taxicab driver or a transit operator who is performing his or her duty or upon a sports official based on the performance of his or her duties at a sporting event by a probationer, a prisoner who is in lawful custody or confinement or a parolee, and the probationer, prisoner or parolee charged knew or should have known that the victim was an officer, a provider of health care, a school employee, a taxicab driver, a transit operator or a sports official, for a category D felony as provided in NRS 193.130, unless the assault is made with the use of a deadly weapon or the present ability to use a deadly weapon, then for a category B felony by imprisonment in the state prison for a minimum term of not less than 1 year and a maximum term of not more than 6 years, or by a fine of not more than $5,000, or by both fine and imprisonment.

     (Added to NRS by 1971, 1384; A 1981, 903; 1985, 248; 1989, 1010; 1991, 124, 774; 1995, 21, 1190, 1321; 1997, 434; 1999, 140; 2001, 380, 986, 987; 2003, 354; 2005, 176; 2007, 1848, 3078; 2009, 74, 2991; 2011, 1336, 1513, effective January 1, 2012)

     NRS 200.481  Battery: Definitions; penalties.

     1.  As used in this section:

     (a) “Battery” means any willful and unlawful use of force or violence upon the person of another.

     (b) “Child” means a person less than 18 years of age.

     (c) “Officer” means:

           (1) A person who possesses some or all of the powers of a peace officer;

           (2) A person employed in a full-time salaried occupation of fire fighting for the benefit or safety of the public;

           (3) A member of a volunteer fire department;

           (4) A jailer, guard, matron or other correctional officer of a city or county jail or detention facility;

           (5) A justice of the Supreme Court, district judge, justice of the peace, municipal judge, magistrate, court commissioner, master or referee, including, without limitation, a person acting pro tempore in a capacity listed in this subparagraph; or

           (6) An employee of the State or a political subdivision of the State whose official duties require the employee to make home visits.

     (d) “Provider of health care” has the meaning ascribed to it in NRS 200.471.

     (e) “School employee” means a licensed or unlicensed person employed by a board of trustees of a school district pursuant to NRS 391.100.

     (f) “Sporting event” has the meaning ascribed to it in NRS 41.630.

     (g) “Sports official” has the meaning ascribed to it in NRS 41.630.

     (h) “Strangulation” means intentionally impeding the normal breathing or circulation of the blood by applying pressure on the throat or neck or by blocking the nose or mouth of another person in a manner that creates a risk of death or substantial bodily harm.

     (i) “Taxicab” has the meaning ascribed to it in NRS 706.8816.

     (j) “Taxicab driver” means a person who operates a taxicab.

     (k) “Transit operator” means a person who operates a bus or other vehicle as part of a public mass transportation system.

     2.  Except as otherwise provided in NRS 200.485, a person convicted of a battery, other than a battery committed by an adult upon a child which constitutes child abuse, shall be punished:

     (a) If the battery is not committed with a deadly weapon, and no substantial bodily harm to the victim results, except under circumstances where a greater penalty is provided in this section or NRS 197.090, for a misdemeanor.

     (b) If the battery is not committed with a deadly weapon, and either substantial bodily harm to the victim results or the battery is committed by strangulation, for a category C felony as provided in NRS 193.130.

     (c) If:

           (1) The battery is committed upon an officer, provider of health care, school employee, taxicab driver or transit operator who was performing his or her duty or upon a sports official based on the performance of his or her duties at a sporting event;

           (2) The officer, provider of health care, school employee, taxicab driver, transit operator or sports official suffers substantial bodily harm or the battery is committed by strangulation; and

           (3) The person charged knew or should have known that the victim was an officer, provider of health care, school employee, taxicab driver, transit operator or sports official,

Ê for a category B felony by imprisonment in the state prison for a minimum term of not less than 2 years and a maximum term of not more than 10 years, or by a fine of not more than $10,000, or by both fine and imprisonment.

     (d) If the battery is committed upon an officer, provider of health care, school employee, taxicab driver or transit operator who is performing his or her duty or upon a sports official based on the performance of his or her duties at a sporting event and the person charged knew or should have known that the victim was an officer, provider of health care, school employee, taxicab driver, transit operator or sports official, for a gross misdemeanor, except under circumstances where a greater penalty is provided in this section.

     (e) If the battery is committed with the use of a deadly weapon, and:

           (1) No substantial bodily harm to the victim results, for a category B felony by imprisonment in the state prison for a minimum term of not less than 2 years and a maximum term of not more than 10 years, and may be further punished by a fine of not more than $10,000.

           (2) Substantial bodily harm to the victim results or the battery is committed by strangulation, for a category B felony by imprisonment in the state prison for a minimum term of not less than 2 years and a maximum term of not more than 15 years, and may be further punished by a fine of not more than $10,000.

     (f) If the battery is committed by a probationer, a prisoner who is in lawful custody or confinement or a parolee, without the use of a deadly weapon, whether or not substantial bodily harm results and whether or not the battery is committed by strangulation, for a category B felony by imprisonment in the state prison for a minimum term of not less than 1 year and a maximum term of not more than 6 years.

     (g) If the battery is committed by a probationer, a prisoner who is in lawful custody or confinement or a parolee, with the use of a deadly weapon, and:

           (1) No substantial bodily harm to the victim results, for a category B felony by imprisonment in the state prison for a minimum term of not less than 2 years and a maximum term of not more than 10 years.

           (2) Substantial bodily harm to the victim results or the battery is committed by strangulation, for a category B felony by imprisonment in the state prison for a minimum term of not less than 2 years and a maximum term of not more than 15 years.

     (Added to NRS by 1971, 1385; A 1973, 1444; 1975, 1063; 1977, 736; 1979, 213, 1427; 1981, 12, 614; 1983, 673; 1985, 248, 2171; 1987, 515; 1989, 1178; 1991, 154, 774; 1995, 22, 903, 1191, 1321, 1335; 1997, 435, 1180, 1813; 1999, 141; 2001, 381; 2003, 355; 2005, 178; 2009, 87)

     NRS 200.485  Battery which constitutes domestic violence: Penalties; referring child for counseling; restriction against dismissal, probation and suspension; definitions.

     1.  Unless a greater penalty is provided pursuant to subsection 2 or NRS 200.481, a person convicted of a battery which constitutes domestic violence pursuant to NRS 33.018:

     (a) For the first offense within 7 years, is guilty of a misdemeanor and shall be sentenced to:

           (1) Imprisonment in the city or county jail or detention facility for not less than 2 days, but not more than 6 months; and

           (2) Perform not less than 48 hours, but not more than 120 hours, of community service.

Ê The person shall be further punished by a fine of not less than $200, but not more than $1,000. A term of imprisonment imposed pursuant to this paragraph may be served intermittently at the discretion of the judge or justice of the peace, except that each period of confinement must be not less than 4 consecutive hours and must occur at a time when the person is not required to be at his or her place of employment or on a weekend.

     (b) For the second offense within 7 years, is guilty of a misdemeanor and shall be sentenced to:

           (1) Imprisonment in the city or county jail or detention facility for not less than 10 days, but not more than 6 months; and

           (2) Perform not less than 100 hours, but not more than 200 hours, of community service.

Ê The person shall be further punished by a fine of not less than $500, but not more than $1,000.

     (c) For the third and any subsequent offense within 7 years, is guilty of a category C felony and shall be punished as provided in NRS 193.130.

     2.  Unless a greater penalty is provided pursuant to NRS 200.481, a person convicted of a battery which constitutes domestic violence pursuant to NRS 33.018, if the battery is committed by strangulation as described in NRS 200.481, is guilty of a category C felony and shall be punished as provided in NRS 193.130 and by a fine of not more than $15,000.

     3.  In addition to any other penalty, if a person is convicted of a battery which constitutes domestic violence pursuant to NRS 33.018, the court shall:

     (a) For the first offense within 7 years, require the person to participate in weekly counseling sessions of not less than 1 1/2 hours per week for not less than 6 months, but not more than 12 months, at his or her expense, in a program for the treatment of persons who commit domestic violence that has been certified pursuant to NRS 228.470.

     (b) For the second offense within 7 years, require the person to participate in weekly counseling sessions of not less than 1 1/2 hours per week for 12 months, at his or her expense, in a program for the treatment of persons who commit domestic violence that has been certified pursuant to NRS 228.470.

Ê If the person resides in this State but the nearest location at which counseling services are available is in another state, the court may allow the person to participate in counseling in the other state in a program for the treatment of persons who commit domestic violence that has been certified pursuant to NRS 228.470.

     4.  An offense that occurred within 7 years immediately preceding the date of the principal offense or after the principal offense constitutes a prior offense for the purposes of this section when evidenced by a conviction, without regard to the sequence of the offenses and convictions. The facts concerning a prior offense must be alleged in the complaint, indictment or information, must not be read to the jury or proved at trial but must be proved at the time of sentencing and, if the principal offense is alleged to be a felony, must also be shown at the preliminary examination or presented to the grand jury.

     5.  In addition to any other fine or penalty, the court shall order such a person to pay an administrative assessment of $35. Any money so collected must be paid by the clerk of the court to the State Controller on or before the fifth day of each month for the preceding month for credit to the Account for Programs Related to Domestic Violence established pursuant to NRS 228.460.

     6.  In addition to any other penalty, the court may require such a person to participate, at his or her expense, in a program of treatment for the abuse of alcohol or drugs that has been certified by the Health Division of the Department of Health and Human Services.

     7.  If it appears from information presented to the court that a child under the age of 18 years may need counseling as a result of the commission of a battery which constitutes domestic violence pursuant to NRS 33.018, the court may refer the child to an agency which provides child welfare services. If the court refers a child to an agency which provides child welfare services, the court shall require the person convicted of a battery which constitutes domestic violence pursuant to NRS 33.018 to reimburse the agency for the costs of any services provided, to the extent of the convicted person’s ability to pay.

     8.  If a person is charged with committing a battery which constitutes domestic violence pursuant to NRS 33.018, a prosecuting attorney shall not dismiss such a charge in exchange for a plea of guilty, guilty but mentally ill or nolo contendere to a lesser charge or for any other reason unless the prosecuting attorney knows, or it is obvious, that the charge is not supported by probable cause or cannot be proved at the time of trial. A court shall not grant probation to and, except as otherwise provided in NRS 4.373 and 5.055, a court shall not suspend the sentence of such a person.

     9.  As used in this section:

     (a) “Agency which provides child welfare services” has the meaning ascribed to it in NRS 432B.030.

     (b) “Battery” has the meaning ascribed to it in paragraph (a) of subsection 1 of NRS 200.481.

     (c) “Offense” includes a battery which constitutes domestic violence pursuant to NRS 33.018 or a violation of the law of any other jurisdiction that prohibits the same or similar conduct.

     (Added to NRS by 1997, 1811; A 1999, 1880; 2001, 11, 432, 2485, 2922, 2932; 2003, 1481; 2005, 29, 533; 2007, 1436, 1438; 2009, 89, 91)

     NRS 200.490  Provoking assault: Penalty.  Every person who shall, by word, sign or gesture, willfully provoke, or attempt to provoke, another person to commit an assault shall be punished by a fine of not more than $500.

     [Part 1911 C&P § 150; RL § 6415; NCL § 10097]—(NRS A 1967, 473)

CRIMINAL NEGLECT OF PATIENTS

     NRS 200.495  Definitions; penalties.

     1.  A professional caretaker who fails to provide such service, care or supervision as is reasonable and necessary to maintain the health or safety of a patient is guilty of criminal neglect of a patient if:

     (a) The act or omission is aggravated, reckless or gross;

     (b) The act or omission is such a departure from what would be the conduct of an ordinarily prudent, careful person under the same circumstances that it is contrary to a proper regard for danger to human life or constitutes indifference to the resulting consequences;

     (c) The consequences of the negligent act or omission could have reasonably been foreseen; and

     (d) The danger to human life was not the result of inattention, mistaken judgment or misadventure, but the natural and probable result of an aggravated reckless or grossly negligent act or omission.

     2.  Unless a more severe penalty is prescribed by law for the act or omission which brings about the neglect, a person who commits criminal neglect of a patient:

     (a) If the neglect results in death, is guilty of a category B felony and shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison for a minimum term of not less than 1 year and a maximum term of not more than 20 years.

     (b) If the neglect results in substantial bodily harm, is guilty of a category B felony and shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison for a minimum term of not less than 1 year and a maximum term of not more than 6 years, or by a fine of not more than $5,000, or by both fine and imprisonment.

     (c) If the neglect does not result in death or substantial bodily harm, is guilty of a gross misdemeanor.

     3.  For the purposes of this section, a patient is not neglected for the sole reason that:

     (a) According to the patient’s desire, the patient is being furnished with treatment by spiritual means through prayer alone in accordance with the tenets and practices of a church or religious denomination. Subsection 1 does not authorize or require any medical care or treatment over the implied or express objection of such a patient.

     (b) Life-sustaining treatment was withheld or withdrawn in accordance with a valid declaration by the patient or his or her agent pursuant to NRS 162A.790.

     4.  Upon the conviction of a person for a violation of the provisions of subsection 1, the Attorney General shall give notice of the conviction to the licensing boards which:

     (a) Licensed the facility in which the criminal neglect occurred; and

     (b) If applicable, licensed the person so convicted.

     5.  As used in this section:

     (a) “Medical facility” has the meaning ascribed to it in NRS 449.0151.

     (b) “Patient” means a person who resides or receives health care in a medical facility.

     (c) “Professional caretaker” means a person who:

           (1) Holds a license, registration or permit issued pursuant to title 54 or chapter 449 of NRS;

           (2) Is employed by, an agent of or under contract to perform services for, a medical facility; and

           (3) Has responsibility to provide care to patients.

Ê The term does not include a person who is not involved in the day-to-day operation or management of a medical facility unless that person has actual knowledge of the criminal neglect of a patient and takes no action to cure such neglect.

     (Added to NRS by 1993, 2497; A 1995, 1192; 2009, 207)

ABUSE AND NEGLECT OF CHILDREN

     NRS 200.508  Abuse, neglect or endangerment of child: Penalties; definitions.

     1.  A person who willfully causes a child who is less than 18 years of age to suffer unjustifiable physical pain or mental suffering as a result of abuse or neglect or to be placed in a situation where the child may suffer physical pain or mental suffering as the result of abuse or neglect:

     (a) If substantial bodily or mental harm results to the child:

           (1) If the child is less than 14 years of age and the harm is the result of sexual abuse or exploitation, is guilty of a category A felony and shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison for life with the possibility of parole, with eligibility for parole beginning when a minimum of 15 years has been served; or

           (2) In all other such cases to which subparagraph (1) does not apply, is guilty of a category B felony and shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison for a minimum term of not less than 2 years and a maximum term of not more than 20 years; or

     (b) If substantial bodily or mental harm does not result to the child:

           (1) If the person has not previously been convicted of a violation of this section or of a violation of the law of any other jurisdiction that prohibits the same or similar conduct, is guilty of a category B felony and shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison for a minimum term of not less than 1 year and a maximum term of not more than 6 years; or

           (2) If the person has previously been convicted of a violation of this section or of a violation of the law of any other jurisdiction that prohibits the same or similar conduct, is guilty of a category B felony and shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison for a minimum term of not less than 2 years and a maximum term of not more than 15 years,

Ê unless a more severe penalty is prescribed by law for an act or omission that brings about the abuse or neglect.

     2.  A person who is responsible for the safety or welfare of a child and who permits or allows that child to suffer unjustifiable physical pain or mental suffering as a result of abuse or neglect or to be placed in a situation where the child may suffer physical pain or mental suffering as the result of abuse or neglect:

     (a) If substantial bodily or mental harm results to the child:

           (1) If the child is less than 14 years of age and the harm is the result of sexual abuse or exploitation, is guilty of a category A felony and shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison for life with the possibility of parole, with eligibility for parole beginning when a minimum of 10 years has been served; or

           (2) In all other such cases to which subparagraph (1) does not apply, is guilty of a category B felony and shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison for a minimum term of not less than 2 years and a maximum term of not more than 20 years; or

     (b) If substantial bodily or mental harm does not result to the child:

           (1) If the person has not previously been convicted of a violation of this section or of a violation of the law of any other jurisdiction that prohibits the same or similar conduct, is guilty of a gross misdemeanor; or

           (2) If the person has previously been convicted of a violation of this section or of a violation of the law of any other jurisdiction that prohibits the same or similar conduct, is guilty of a category C felony and shall be punished as provided in NRS 193.130,

Ê unless a more severe penalty is prescribed by law for an act or omission that brings about the abuse or neglect.

     3.  A person does not commit a violation of subsection 1 or 2 by virtue of the sole fact that the person delivers or allows the delivery of a child to a provider of emergency services pursuant to NRS 432B.630.

     4.  As used in this section:

     (a) “Abuse or neglect” means physical or mental injury of a nonaccidental nature, sexual abuse, sexual exploitation, negligent treatment or maltreatment of a child under the age of 18 years, as set forth in paragraph (d) and NRS 432B.070, 432B.100, 432B.110, 432B.140 and 432B.150, under circumstances which indicate that the child’s health or welfare is harmed or threatened with harm.

     (b) “Allow” means to do nothing to prevent or stop the abuse or neglect of a child in circumstances where the person knows or has reason to know that the child is abused or neglected.

     (c) “Permit” means permission that a reasonable person would not grant and which amounts to a neglect of responsibility attending the care, custody and control of a minor child.

     (d) “Physical injury” means:

           (1) Permanent or temporary disfigurement; or

           (2) Impairment of any bodily function or organ of the body.

     (e) “Substantial mental harm” means an injury to the intellectual or psychological capacity or the emotional condition of a child as evidenced by an observable and substantial impairment of the ability of the child to function within his or her normal range of performance or behavior.

     (Added to NRS by 1971, 772; A 1975, 1141; 1977, 738, 1629; 1985, 1399; 1989, 866, 1510, 1512; 1995, 1193; 1997, 850, 1720; 1999, 470, 472; 2001, 1138, 1264; 2003, 22)

     NRS 200.5081  District attorney may refer person suspected of violating NRS 200.508 for treatment or counseling.

     1.  A district attorney may, if the circumstances indicate that treatment or counseling is needed, refer a person who is suspected of violating a provision of NRS 200.508 to an appropriate public or private agency for treatment or counseling. The district attorney shall obtain the consent of the agency to which the district attorney intends to refer the person before doing so.

     2.  Nothing in this section limits the discretion of the district attorney to undertake prosecution of a person who has been referred for treatment or counseling pursuant to subsection 1.

     (Added to NRS by 1981, 1228)

     NRS 200.5083  Mutilation of genitalia of female child: Penalties; definitions.

     1.  A person who willfully:

     (a) Mutilates, or aids, abets, encourages or participates in the mutilation of the genitalia of a female child; or

     (b) Removes a female child from this State for the purpose of mutilating the genitalia of the child,

Ê is guilty of a category B felony and shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison for a minimum term of not less than 2 years and a maximum term of not more than 10 years, and may be further punished by a fine of not more than $10,000.

     2.  It is not a defense that:

     (a) The person engaging in the conduct prohibited by subsection 1 believes that the conduct is necessary or appropriate as a matter of custom, ritual or standard practice; or

     (b) The child, the parent or legal guardian of the child, or another person legally responsible for the child has consented to the conduct prohibited by subsection 1.

     3.  As used in this section:

     (a) “Child” means a person who is under 18 years of age.

     (b) “Mutilates the genitalia of a female child” means the removal or infibulation in whole or in part of the clitoris, vulva, labia major or labia minor for nonmedical purposes.

     (Added to NRS by 1997, 678)

     NRS 200.5085  Use of nonmedical remedial treatment.  A child is not abused or neglected, nor is the child’s health or welfare harmed or threatened for the sole reason that his or her parent or guardian, in good faith, selects and depends upon nonmedical remedial treatment for such child, if such treatment is recognized and permitted under the laws of this State in lieu of medical treatment.

     (Added to NRS by 1979, 437)

ABUSE, NEGLECT, EXPLOITATION OR ISOLATION OF OLDER PERSONS AND VULNERABLE PERSONS

     NRS 200.5091  Policy of State.  It is the policy of this State to provide for the cooperation of law enforcement officials, courts of competent jurisdiction and all appropriate state agencies providing human services in identifying the abuse, neglect, exploitation and isolation of older persons and vulnerable persons through the complete reporting of abuse, neglect, exploitation and isolation of older persons and vulnerable persons.

     (Added to NRS by 1981, 1334; A 1997, 1348; 2005, 1107)

     NRS 200.5092  Definitions.  As used in NRS 200.5091 to 200.50995, inclusive, unless the context otherwise requires:

     1.  “Abuse” means willful and unjustified:

     (a) Infliction of pain, injury or mental anguish on an older person or a vulnerable person; or

     (b) Deprivation of food, shelter, clothing or services which are necessary to maintain the physical or mental health of an older person or a vulnerable person.

     2.  “Exploitation” means any act taken by a person who has the trust and confidence of an older person or a vulnerable person or any use of the power of attorney or guardianship of an older person or a vulnerable person to:

     (a) Obtain control, through deception, intimidation or undue influence, over the older person’s or vulnerable person’s money, assets or property with the intention of permanently depriving the older person or vulnerable person of the ownership, use, benefit or possession of his or her money, assets or property; or

     (b) Convert money, assets or property of the older person or vulnerable person with the intention of permanently depriving the older person or vulnerable person of the ownership, use, benefit or possession of his or her money, assets or property.

Ê As used in this subsection, “undue influence” does not include the normal influence that one member of a family has over another.

     3.  “Isolation” means willfully, maliciously and intentionally preventing an older person or a vulnerable person from having contact with another person by:

     (a) Intentionally preventing the older person or vulnerable person from receiving visitors, mail or telephone calls, including, without limitation, communicating to a person who comes to visit the older person or vulnerable person or a person who telephones the older person or vulnerable person that the older person or vulnerable person is not present or does not want to meet with or talk to the visitor or caller knowing that the statement is false, contrary to the express wishes of the older person or vulnerable person and intended to prevent the older person or vulnerable person from having contact with the visitor; or

     (b) Physically restraining the older person or vulnerable person to prevent the older person or vulnerable person from meeting with a person who comes to visit the older person or vulnerable person.

Ê The term does not include an act intended to protect the property or physical or mental welfare of the older person or vulnerable person or an act performed pursuant to the instructions of a physician of the older person or vulnerable person.

     4.  “Neglect” means the failure of:

     (a) A person who has assumed legal responsibility or a contractual obligation for caring for an older person or a vulnerable person or who has voluntarily assumed responsibility for his or her care to provide food, shelter, clothing or services which are necessary to maintain the physical or mental health of the older person or vulnerable person; or

     (b) An older person or a vulnerable person to provide for his or her own needs because of inability to do so.

     5.  “Older person” means a person who is 60 years of age or older.

     6.  “Protective services” means services the purpose of which is to prevent and remedy the abuse, neglect, exploitation and isolation of older persons. The services may include investigation, evaluation, counseling, arrangement and referral for other services and assistance.

     7.  “Vulnerable person” means a person 18 years of age or older who:

     (a) Suffers from a condition of physical or mental incapacitation because of a developmental disability, organic brain damage or mental illness; or

     (b) Has one or more physical or mental limitations that restrict the ability of the person to perform the normal activities of daily living.

     (Added to NRS by 1981, 1334; A 1983, 1359, 1652; 1995, 2250; 1997, 1348; 1999, 3517; 2003, 491; 2005, 1108)

     NRS 200.50925  “Reasonable cause to believe” and “as soon as reasonably practicable” defined.  For the purposes of NRS 200.5091 to 200.50995, inclusive, a person:

     1.  Has “reasonable cause to believe” if, in light of all the surrounding facts and circumstances which are known or which reasonably should be known to the person at the time, a reasonable person would believe, under those facts and circumstances, that an act, transaction, event, situation or condition exists, is occurring or has occurred.

     2.  Acts “as soon as reasonably practicable” if, in light of all the surrounding facts and circumstances which are known or which reasonably should be known to the person at the time, a reasonable person would act within approximately the same period under those facts and circumstances.

     (Added to NRS by 1999, 3517)

     NRS 200.5093  Report of abuse, neglect, exploitation or isolation of older person; voluntary and mandatory reports; investigation; penalty. [Effective through December 31, 2011.]

     1.  Any person who is described in subsection 4 and who, in a professional or occupational capacity, knows or has reasonable cause to believe that an older person has been abused, neglected, exploited or isolated shall:

     (a) Except as otherwise provided in subsection 2, report the abuse, neglect, exploitation or isolation of the older person to:

           (1) The local office of the Aging and Disability Services Division of the Department of Health and Human Services;

           (2) A police department or sheriff’s office;

           (3) The county’s office for protective services, if one exists in the county where the suspected action occurred; or

           (4) A toll-free telephone service designated by the Aging and Disability Services Division of the Department of Health and Human Services; and

     (b) Make such a report as soon as reasonably practicable but not later than 24 hours after the person knows or has reasonable cause to believe that the older person has been abused, neglected, exploited or isolated.

     2.  If a person who is required to make a report pursuant to subsection 1 knows or has reasonable cause to believe that the abuse, neglect, exploitation or isolation of the older person involves an act or omission of the Aging and Disability Services Division, another division of the Department of Health and Human Services or a law enforcement agency, the person shall make the report to an agency other than the one alleged to have committed the act or omission.

     3.  Each agency, after reducing a report to writing, shall forward a copy of the report to the Aging and Disability Services Division of the Department of Health and Human Services and the Unit for the Investigation and Prosecution of Crimes.

     4.  A report must be made pursuant to subsection 1 by the following persons:

     (a) Every physician, dentist, dental hygienist, chiropractor, optometrist, podiatric physician, medical examiner, resident, intern, professional or practical nurse, physician assistant licensed pursuant to chapter 630 or 633 of NRS, perfusionist, psychiatrist, psychologist, marriage and family therapist, clinical professional counselor, clinical alcohol and drug abuse counselor, alcohol and drug abuse counselor, athletic trainer, driver of an ambulance, advanced emergency medical technician or other person providing medical services licensed or certified to practice in this State, who examines, attends or treats an older person who appears to have been abused, neglected, exploited or isolated.

     (b) Any personnel of a hospital or similar institution engaged in the admission, examination, care or treatment of persons or an administrator, manager or other person in charge of a hospital or similar institution upon notification of the suspected abuse, neglect, exploitation or isolation of an older person by a member of the staff of the hospital.

     (c) A coroner.

     (d) Every person who maintains or is employed by an agency to provide personal care services in the home.

     (e) Every person who maintains or is employed by an agency to provide nursing in the home.

     (f) Every person who operates, who is employed by or who contracts to provide services for an intermediary service organization as defined in NRS 427A.0291.

     (g) Any employee of the Department of Health and Human Services.

     (h) Any employee of a law enforcement agency or a county’s office for protective services or an adult or juvenile probation officer.

     (i) Any person who maintains or is employed by a facility or establishment that provides care for older persons.

     (j) Any person who maintains, is employed by or serves as a volunteer for an agency or service which advises persons regarding the abuse, neglect, exploitation or isolation of an older person and refers them to persons and agencies where their requests and needs can be met.

     (k) Every social worker.

     (l) Any person who owns or is employed by a funeral home or mortuary.

     5.  A report may be made by any other person.

     6.  If a person who is required to make a report pursuant to subsection 1 knows or has reasonable cause to believe that an older person has died as a result of abuse, neglect or isolation, the person shall, as soon as reasonably practicable, report this belief to the appropriate medical examiner or coroner, who shall investigate the cause of death of the older person and submit to the appropriate local law enforcement agencies, the appropriate prosecuting attorney, the Aging and Disability Services Division of the Department of Health and Human Services and the Unit for the Investigation and Prosecution of Crimes his or her written findings. The written findings must include the information required pursuant to the provisions of NRS 200.5094, when possible.

     7.  A division, office or department which receives a report pursuant to this section shall cause the investigation of the report to commence within 3 working days. A copy of the final report of the investigation conducted by a division, office or department, other than the Aging and Disability Services Division of the Department of Health and Human Services, must be forwarded within 30 days after the completion of the report to the:

     (a) Aging and Disability Services Division;

     (b) Repository for Information Concerning Crimes Against Older Persons created by NRS 179A.450; and

     (c) Unit for the Investigation and Prosecution of Crimes.

     8.  If the investigation of a report results in the belief that an older person is abused, neglected, exploited or isolated, the Aging and Disability Services Division of the Department of Health and Human Services or the county’s office for protective services may provide protective services to the older person if the older person is able and willing to accept them.

     9.  A person who knowingly and willfully violates any of the provisions of this section is guilty of a misdemeanor.

     10.  As used in this section, “Unit for the Investigation and Prosecution of Crimes” means the Unit for the Investigation and Prosecution of Crimes Against Older Persons in the Office of the Attorney General created pursuant to NRS 228.265.

     (Added to NRS by 1981, 1334; A 1983, 1653; 1985, 1491; 1987, 2130, 2218; 1989, 904; 1991, 135; 1993, 2226; 1995, 2250; 1997, 108, 1349, 2608, 2610, 2637, 2639; 1999, 137, 2242, 2245, 2248, 3518; 2001, 158, 161, 776; 2003, 905; 2005, 1109, 2172; 2007, 746, 1224, 1849, 3080; 2009, 2372, 2445, 2992)

     NRS 200.5093  Report of abuse, neglect, exploitation or isolation of older person; voluntary and mandatory reports; investigation; penalty. [Effective January 1, 2012.]

     1.  Any person who is described in subsection 4 and who, in a professional or occupational capacity, knows or has reasonable cause to believe that an older person has been abused, neglected, exploited or isolated shall:

     (a) Except as otherwise provided in subsection 2, report the abuse, neglect, exploitation or isolation of the older person to:

           (1) The local office of the Aging and Disability Services Division of the Department of Health and Human Services;

           (2) A police department or sheriff’s office;

           (3) The county’s office for protective services, if one exists in the county where the suspected action occurred; or

           (4) A toll-free telephone service designated by the Aging and Disability Services Division of the Department of Health and Human Services; and

     (b) Make such a report as soon as reasonably practicable but not later than 24 hours after the person knows or has reasonable cause to believe that the older person has been abused, neglected, exploited or isolated.

     2.  If a person who is required to make a report pursuant to subsection 1 knows or has reasonable cause to believe that the abuse, neglect, exploitation or isolation of the older person involves an act or omission of the Aging and Disability Services Division, another division of the Department of Health and Human Services or a law enforcement agency, the person shall make the report to an agency other than the one alleged to have committed the act or omission.

     3.  Each agency, after reducing a report to writing, shall forward a copy of the report to the Aging and Disability Services Division of the Department of Health and Human Services and the Unit for the Investigation and Prosecution of Crimes.

     4.  A report must be made pursuant to subsection 1 by the following persons:

     (a) Every physician, dentist, dental hygienist, chiropractor, optometrist, podiatric physician, medical examiner, resident, intern, professional or practical nurse, physician assistant licensed pursuant to chapter 630 or 633 of NRS, perfusionist, psychiatrist, psychologist, marriage and family therapist, clinical professional counselor, clinical alcohol and drug abuse counselor, alcohol and drug abuse counselor, music therapist, athletic trainer, driver of an ambulance, advanced emergency medical technician, licensed dietitian or other person providing medical services licensed or certified to practice in this State, who examines, attends or treats an older person who appears to have been abused, neglected, exploited or isolated.

     (b) Any personnel of a hospital or similar institution engaged in the admission, examination, care or treatment of persons or an administrator, manager or other person in charge of a hospital or similar institution upon notification of the suspected abuse, neglect, exploitation or isolation of an older person by a member of the staff of the hospital.

     (c) A coroner.

     (d) Every person who maintains or is employed by an agency to provide personal care services in the home.

     (e) Every person who maintains or is employed by an agency to provide nursing in the home.

     (f) Every person who operates, who is employed by or who contracts to provide services for an intermediary service organization as defined in NRS 427A.0291.

     (g) Any employee of the Department of Health and Human Services.

     (h) Any employee of a law enforcement agency or a county’s office for protective services or an adult or juvenile probation officer.

     (i) Any person who maintains or is employed by a facility or establishment that provides care for older persons.

     (j) Any person who maintains, is employed by or serves as a volunteer for an agency or service which advises persons regarding the abuse, neglect, exploitation or isolation of an older person and refers them to persons and agencies where their requests and needs can be met.

     (k) Every social worker.

     (l) Any person who owns or is employed by a funeral home or mortuary.

     5.  A report may be made by any other person.

     6.  If a person who is required to make a report pursuant to subsection 1 knows or has reasonable cause to believe that an older person has died as a result of abuse, neglect or isolation, the person shall, as soon as reasonably practicable, report this belief to the appropriate medical examiner or coroner, who shall investigate the cause of death of the older person and submit to the appropriate local law enforcement agencies, the appropriate prosecuting attorney, the Aging and Disability Services Division of the Department of Health and Human Services and the Unit for the Investigation and Prosecution of Crimes his or her written findings. The written findings must include the information required pursuant to the provisions of NRS 200.5094, when possible.

     7.  A division, office or department which receives a report pursuant to this section shall cause the investigation of the report to commence within 3 working days. A copy of the final report of the investigation conducted by a division, office or department, other than the Aging and Disability Services Division of the Department of Health and Human Services, must be forwarded within 30 days after the completion of the report to the:

     (a) Aging and Disability Services Division;

     (b) Repository for Information Concerning Crimes Against Older Persons created by NRS 179A.450; and

     (c) Unit for the Investigation and Prosecution of Crimes.

     8.  If the investigation of a report results in the belief that an older person is abused, neglected, exploited or isolated, the Aging and Disability Services Division of the Department of Health and Human Services or the county’s office for protective services may provide protective services to the older person if the older person is able and willing to accept them.

     9.  A person who knowingly and willfully violates any of the provisions of this section is guilty of a misdemeanor.

     10.  As used in this section, “Unit for the Investigation and Prosecution of Crimes” means the Unit for the Investigation and Prosecution of Crimes Against Older Persons in the Office of the Attorney General created pursuant to NRS 228.265.

     (Added to NRS by 1981, 1334; A 1983, 1653; 1985, 1491; 1987, 2130, 2218; 1989, 904; 1991, 135; 1993, 2226; 1995, 2250; 1997, 108, 1349, 2608, 2610, 2637, 2639; 1999, 137, 2242, 2245, 2248, 3518; 2001, 158, 161, 776; 2003, 905; 2005, 1109, 2172; 2007, 746, 1224, 1849, 3080; 2009, 2372, 2445, 2992; 2011, 1093, 1514, effective January 1, 2012)

     NRS 200.50935  Report of abuse, neglect, exploitation or isolation of vulnerable person; voluntary and mandatory reports; investigation; penalty. [Effective through December 31, 2011.]

     1.  Any person who is described in subsection 3 and who, in a professional or occupational capacity, knows or has reasonable cause to believe that a vulnerable person has been abused, neglected, exploited or isolated shall:

     (a) Report the abuse, neglect, exploitation or isolation of the vulnerable person to a law enforcement agency; and

     (b) Make such a report as soon as reasonably practicable but not later than 24 hours after the person knows or has reasonable cause to believe that the vulnerable person has been abused, neglected, exploited or isolated.

     2.  If a person who is required to make a report pursuant to subsection 1 knows or has reasonable cause to believe that the abuse, neglect, exploitation or isolation of the vulnerable person involves an act or omission of a law enforcement agency, the person shall make the report to a law enforcement agency other than the one alleged to have committed the act or omission.

     3.  A report must be made pursuant to subsection 1 by the following persons:

     (a) Every physician, dentist, dental hygienist, chiropractor, optometrist, podiatric physician, medical examiner, resident, intern, professional or practical nurse, perfusionist, physician assistant licensed pursuant to chapter 630 or 633 of NRS, psychiatrist, psychologist, marriage and family therapist, clinical professional counselor, clinical alcohol and drug abuse counselor, alcohol and drug abuse counselor, athletic trainer, driver of an ambulance, advanced emergency medical technician or other person providing medical services licensed or certified to practice in this State, who examines, attends or treats a vulnerable person who appears to have been abused, neglected, exploited or isolated.

     (b) Any personnel of a hospital or similar institution engaged in the admission, examination, care or treatment of persons or an administrator, manager or other person in charge of a hospital or similar institution upon notification of the suspected abuse, neglect, exploitation or isolation of a vulnerable person by a member of the staff of the hospital.

     (c) A coroner.

     (d) Every person who maintains or is employed by an agency to provide nursing in the home.

     (e) Any employee of the Department of Health and Human Services.

     (f) Any employee of a law enforcement agency or an adult or juvenile probation officer.

     (g) Any person who maintains or is employed by a facility or establishment that provides care for vulnerable persons.

     (h) Any person who maintains, is employed by or serves as a volunteer for an agency or service which advises persons regarding the abuse, neglect, exploitation or isolation of a vulnerable person and refers them to persons and agencies where their requests and needs can be met.

     (i) Every social worker.

     (j) Any person who owns or is employed by a funeral home or mortuary.

     4.  A report may be made by any other person.

     5.  If a person who is required to make a report pursuant to subsection 1 knows or has reasonable cause to believe that a vulnerable person has died as a result of abuse, neglect or isolation, the person shall, as soon as reasonably practicable, report this belief to the appropriate medical examiner or coroner, who shall investigate the cause of death of the vulnerable person and submit to the appropriate local law enforcement agencies and the appropriate prosecuting attorney his or her written findings. The written findings must include the information required pursuant to the provisions of NRS 200.5094, when possible.

     6.  A law enforcement agency which receives a report pursuant to this section shall immediately initiate an investigation of the report.

     7.  A person who knowingly and willfully violates any of the provisions of this section is guilty of a misdemeanor.

     (Added to NRS by 2005, 1106; A 2007, 1851, 3081; 2009, 2994)

     NRS 200.50935  Report of abuse, neglect, exploitation or isolation of vulnerable person; voluntary and mandatory reports; investigation; penalty. [Effective January 1, 2012.]

     1.  Any person who is described in subsection 3 and who, in a professional or occupational capacity, knows or has reasonable cause to believe that a vulnerable person has been abused, neglected, exploited or isolated shall:

     (a) Report the abuse, neglect, exploitation or isolation of the vulnerable person to a law enforcement agency; and

     (b) Make such a report as soon as reasonably practicable but not later than 24 hours after the person knows or has reasonable cause to believe that the vulnerable person has been abused, neglected, exploited or isolated.

     2.  If a person who is required to make a report pursuant to subsection 1 knows or has reasonable cause to believe that the abuse, neglect, exploitation or isolation of the vulnerable person involves an act or omission of a law enforcement agency, the person shall make the report to a law enforcement agency other than the one alleged to have committed the act or omission.

     3.  A report must be made pursuant to subsection 1 by the following persons:

     (a) Every physician, dentist, dental hygienist, chiropractor, optometrist, podiatric physician, medical examiner, resident, intern, professional or practical nurse, perfusionist, physician assistant licensed pursuant to chapter 630 or 633 of NRS, psychiatrist, psychologist, marriage and family therapist, clinical professional counselor, clinical alcohol and drug abuse counselor, alcohol and drug abuse counselor, music therapist, athletic trainer, driver of an ambulance, advanced emergency medical technician, licensed dietitian or other person providing medical services licensed or certified to practice in this State, who examines, attends or treats a vulnerable person who appears to have been abused, neglected, exploited or isolated.

     (b) Any personnel of a hospital or similar institution engaged in the admission, examination, care or treatment of persons or an administrator, manager or other person in charge of a hospital or similar institution upon notification of the suspected abuse, neglect, exploitation or isolation of a vulnerable person by a member of the staff of the hospital.

     (c) A coroner.

     (d) Every person who maintains or is employed by an agency to provide nursing in the home.

     (e) Any employee of the Department of Health and Human Services.

     (f) Any employee of a law enforcement agency or an adult or juvenile probation officer.

     (g) Any person who maintains or is employed by a facility or establishment that provides care for vulnerable persons.

     (h) Any person who maintains, is employed by or serves as a volunteer for an agency or service which advises persons regarding the abuse, neglect, exploitation or isolation of a vulnerable person and refers them to persons and agencies where their requests and needs can be met.

     (i) Every social worker.

     (j) Any person who owns or is employed by a funeral home or mortuary.

     4.  A report may be made by any other person.

     5.  If a person who is required to make a report pursuant to subsection 1 knows or has reasonable cause to believe that a vulnerable person has died as a result of abuse, neglect or isolation, the person shall, as soon as reasonably practicable, report this belief to the appropriate medical examiner or coroner, who shall investigate the cause of death of the vulnerable person and submit to the appropriate local law enforcement agencies and the appropriate prosecuting attorney his or her written findings. The written findings must include the information required pursuant to the provisions of NRS 200.5094, when possible.

     6.  A law enforcement agency which receives a report pursuant to this section shall immediately initiate an investigation of the report.

     7.  A person who knowingly and willfully violates any of the provisions of this section is guilty of a misdemeanor.

     (Added to NRS by 2005, 1106; A 2007, 1851, 3081; 2009, 2994; 2011, 1095, 1517, effective January 1, 2012)

     NRS 200.5094  Reports: Manner of making; contents.

     1.  A person may make a report pursuant to NRS 200.5093 or 200.50935 by telephone or, in light of all the surrounding facts and circumstances which are known or which reasonably should be known to the person at the time, by any other means of oral, written or electronic communication that a reasonable person would believe, under those facts and circumstances, is a reliable and swift means of communicating information to the person who receives the report. If the report is made orally, the person who receives the report must reduce it to writing as soon as reasonably practicable.

     2.  The report must contain the following information, when possible:

     (a) The name and address of the older person or vulnerable person;

     (b) The name and address of the person responsible for his or her care, if there is one;

     (c) The name and address, if available, of the person who is alleged to have abused, neglected, exploited or isolated the older person or vulnerable person;

     (d) The nature and extent of the abuse, neglect, exploitation or isolation of the older person or vulnerable person;

     (e) Any evidence of previous injuries; and

     (f) The basis of the reporter’s belief that the older person or vulnerable person has been abused, neglected, exploited or isolated.

     (Added to NRS by 1981, 1335; A 1983, 1654; 1997, 1351; 1999, 3520; 2005, 1110)

     NRS 200.5095  Reports and records confidential; permissible or required disclosure; penalty.

     1.  Reports made pursuant to NRS 200.5093, 200.50935 and 200.5094, and records and investigations relating to those reports, are confidential.

     2.  A person, law enforcement agency or public or private agency, institution or facility who willfully releases data or information concerning the reports and investigation of the abuse, neglect, exploitation or isolation of older persons or vulnerable persons, except:

     (a) Pursuant to a criminal prosecution;

     (b) Pursuant to NRS 200.50982; or

     (c) To persons or agencies enumerated in subsection 3,

Ê is guilty of a misdemeanor.

     3.  Except as otherwise provided in subsection 2 and NRS 200.50982, data or information concerning the reports and investigations of the abuse, neglect, exploitation or isolation of an older person or a vulnerable person is available only to:

     (a) A physician who is providing care to an older person or a vulnerable person who may have been abused, neglected, exploited or isolated;

     (b) An agency responsible for or authorized to undertake the care, treatment and supervision of the older person or vulnerable person;

     (c) A district attorney or other law enforcement official who requires the information in connection with an investigation of the abuse, neglect, exploitation or isolation of the older person or vulnerable person;

     (d) A court which has determined, in camera, that public disclosure of such information is necessary for the determination of an issue before it;

     (e) A person engaged in bona fide research, but the identity of the subjects of the report must remain confidential;

     (f) A grand jury upon its determination that access to such records is necessary in the conduct of its official business;

     (g) Any comparable authorized person or agency in another jurisdiction;

     (h) A legal guardian of the older person or vulnerable person, if the identity of the person who was responsible for reporting the alleged abuse, neglect, exploitation or isolation of the older person or vulnerable person to the public agency is protected, and the legal guardian of the older person or vulnerable person is not the person suspected of such abuse, neglect, exploitation or isolation;

     (i) If the older person or vulnerable person is deceased, the executor or administrator of his or her estate, if the identity of the person who was responsible for reporting the alleged abuse, neglect, exploitation or isolation of the older person or vulnerable person to the public agency is protected, and the executor or administrator is not the person suspected of such abuse, neglect, exploitation or isolation; or

     (j) The older person or vulnerable person named in the report as allegedly being abused, neglected, exploited or isolated, if that person is not legally incompetent.

     4.  If the person who is reported to have abused, neglected, exploited or isolated an older person or a vulnerable person is the holder of a license or certificate issued pursuant to chapters 449, 630 to 641B, inclusive, or 654 of NRS, the information contained in the report must be submitted to the board that issued the license.

     (Added to NRS by 1981, 1335; A 1983, 1654; 1995, 2252; 1997, 1351; 2003, 906; 2005, 1111; 2011, 1096, 1518)

     NRS 200.50955  Law enforcement agency: Required to act promptly in obtaining certain warrants.  A law enforcement agency shall promptly seek to obtain a warrant for the arrest of any person the agency has probable cause to believe is criminally responsible for the abuse, neglect, exploitation or isolation of an older person or a vulnerable person.

     (Added to NRS by 1997, 1348; A 2005, 1112)

     NRS 200.5096  Immunity from civil or criminal liability for reporting, investigating or submitting information.  Immunity from civil or criminal liability extends to every person who, pursuant to NRS 200.5091 to 200.50995, inclusive, in good faith:

     1.  Participates in the making of a report;

     2.  Causes or conducts an investigation of alleged abuse, neglect, exploitation or isolation of an older person or a vulnerable person; or

     3.  Submits information contained in a report to a licensing board pursuant to subsection 4 of NRS 200.5095.

     (Added to NRS by 1981, 1336; A 1995, 2253; 1997, 1352; 2005, 1112)

     NRS 200.5097  Admissibility of evidence.  In any proceeding resulting from a report made or action taken pursuant to NRS 200.5091 to 200.50995, inclusive, or in any other proceeding, the report or its contents or any other fact related thereto or to the condition of the older person or vulnerable person who is the subject of the report may not be excluded on the ground that the matter would otherwise be privileged against disclosure under chapter 49 of NRS.

     (Added to NRS by 1981, 1336; A 2005, 1112)

     NRS 200.5098  Duties of Aging and Disability Services Division of Department of Health and Human Services regarding older persons; organization and operation of teams for provision of assistance.

     1.  The Aging and Disability Services Division of the Department of Health and Human Services shall:

     (a) Identify and record demographic information on the older person who is alleged to have been abused, neglected, exploited or isolated and the person who is alleged to be responsible for such abuse, neglect, exploitation or isolation.

     (b) Obtain information from programs for preventing abuse of older persons, analyze and compare the programs, and make recommendations to assist the organizers of the programs in achieving the most efficient and effective service possible.

     (c) Publicize the provisions of NRS 200.5091 to 200.50995, inclusive.

     2.  The Administrator of the Aging and Disability Services Division of the Department may organize one or more teams to assist in strategic assessment and planning of protective services, issues regarding the delivery of service, programs or individual plans for preventing, identifying, remedying or treating abuse, neglect, exploitation or isolation of older persons. Members of the team serve at the invitation of the Administrator and must be experienced in preventing, identifying, remedying or treating abuse, neglect, exploitation or isolation of older persons. The team may include representatives of other organizations concerned with education, law enforcement or physical or mental health.

     3.  The team may receive otherwise confidential information and records pertaining to older persons to assist in assessing and planning. The confidentiality of any information or records received must be maintained under the terms or conditions required by law. The content of any discussion regarding information or records received by the team pursuant to this subsection is not subject to discovery and a member of the team shall not testify regarding any discussion which occurred during the meeting. Any information disclosed in violation of this subsection is inadmissible in all judicial proceedings.

     (Added to NRS by 1981, 1335; A 1983, 1655; 1991, 134; 1997, 1352)

     NRS 200.50982  Disclosure of information concerning reports and investigations to other agencies or legal representative of older person or vulnerable person; disclosure of information concerning suspect in investigation of abuse, neglect, exploitation or isolation of older person.

     1.  The provisions of NRS 200.5091 to 200.50995, inclusive, do not prohibit an agency which is investigating a report of abuse, neglect, exploitation or isolation, or which provides protective services, from disclosing data or information concerning the reports and investigations of the abuse, neglect, exploitation or isolation of an older person or a vulnerable person to other federal, state or local agencies or the legal representatives of the older person or vulnerable person on whose behalf the investigation is being conducted if:

     (a) The agency making the disclosure determines that the disclosure is in the best interest of the older person or vulnerable person; and

     (b) Proper safeguards are taken to ensure the confidentiality of the information.

     2.  If the Aging and Disability Services Division of the Department of Health and Human Services is investigating a report of abuse, neglect, exploitation or isolation of an older person, a law enforcement agency shall, upon request of the Aging and Disability Services Division, provide information relating to any suspect in the investigation as soon as possible. The information must include, when possible:

     (a) The records of criminal history of the suspect;

     (b) Whether or not the suspect resides with or near the older person; and

     (c) A summary of any events, incidents or arrests which have occurred at the residence of the suspect or the older person within the past 90 days and which involve physical violence or concerns related to public safety or the health or safety of the older person.

     (Added to NRS by 1995, 2249; A 1997, 1353; 2005, 1112; 2007, 276)

     NRS 200.50984  Inspection of records pertaining to older person on whose behalf investigation is conducted.

     1.  Notwithstanding any other statute to the contrary, the local office of the Aging and Disability Services Division of the Department of Health and Human Services and a county’s office for protective services, if one exists in the county where a violation is alleged to have occurred, may for the purpose of investigating an alleged violation of NRS 200.5091 to 200.50995, inclusive, inspect all records pertaining to the older person on whose behalf the investigation is being conducted, including, but not limited to, that person’s medical and financial records.

     2.  Except as otherwise provided in this subsection, if a guardian has not been appointed for the older person, the Aging and Disability Services Division or the county’s office for protective services shall obtain the consent of the older person before inspecting those records. If the Aging and Disability Services Division or the county’s office for protective services determines that the older person is unable to consent to the inspection, the inspection may be conducted without his or her consent. Except as otherwise provided in this subsection, if a guardian has been appointed for the older person, the Aging and Disability Services Division or the county’s office for protective services shall obtain the consent of the guardian before inspecting those records. If the Aging and Disability Services Division or the county’s office for protective services has reasonable cause to believe that the guardian is abusing, neglecting, exploiting or isolating the older person, the inspection may be conducted without the consent of the guardian, except that if the records to be inspected are in the personal possession of the guardian, the inspection must be approved by a court of competent jurisdiction.

     (Added to NRS by 1995, 2249; A 1997, 1353, 2611, 2641; 1999, 139, 2242, 2247, 2248, 3521)

     NRS 200.50986  Petition for removal of guardian of older person.  The local office of the Aging and Disability Services Division of the Department of Health and Human Services or the county’s office for protective services may petition a court in accordance with NRS 159.185, 159.1853 or 159.1905 for the removal of the guardian of an older person, or the termination or modification of that guardianship, if, based on its investigation, the Aging and Disability Services Division or the county’s office of protective services has reasonable cause to believe that the guardian is abusing, neglecting, exploiting or isolating the older person in violation of NRS 200.5091 to 200.50995, inclusive.

     (Added to NRS by 1995, 2250; A 1997, 1354, 2612, 2641; 1999, 139, 2242, 2248, 3521; 2001, 269; 2003, 1803)

     NRS 200.5099  Penalties.

     1.  Except as otherwise provided in subsection 6, any person who abuses an older person or a vulnerable person is guilty:

     (a) For the first offense, of a gross misdemeanor; or

     (b) For any subsequent offense or if the person has been previously convicted of violating a law of any other jurisdiction that prohibits the same or similar conduct, of a category B felony and shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison for a minimum term of not less than 2 years and a maximum term of not more than 6 years, unless a more severe penalty is prescribed by law for the act or omission which brings about the abuse.

     2.  Except as otherwise provided in subsection 7, any person who has assumed responsibility, legally, voluntarily or pursuant to a contract, to care for an older person or a vulnerable person and who:

     (a) Neglects the older person or vulnerable person, causing the older person or vulnerable person to suffer physical pain or mental suffering;

     (b) Permits or allows the older person or vulnerable person to suffer unjustifiable physical pain or mental suffering; or

     (c) Permits or allows the older person or vulnerable person to be placed in a situation where the older person or vulnerable person may suffer physical pain or mental suffering as the result of abuse or neglect,

Ê is guilty of a gross misdemeanor unless a more severe penalty is prescribed by law for the act or omission which brings about the abuse or neglect.

     3.  Except as otherwise provided in subsection 4, any person who exploits an older person or a vulnerable person shall be punished, if the value of any money, assets and property obtained or used:

     (a) Is less than $650, for a misdemeanor by imprisonment in the county jail for not more than 1 year, or by a fine of not more than $2,000, or by both fine and imprisonment;

     (b) Is at least $650, but less than $5,000, for a category B felony by imprisonment in the state prison for a minimum term of not less than 2 years and a maximum term of not more than 10 years, or by a fine of not more than $10,000, or by both fine and imprisonment; or

     (c) Is $5,000 or more, for a category B felony by imprisonment in the state prison for a minimum term of not less than 2 years and a maximum term of not more than 20 years, or by a fine of not more than $25,000, or by both fine and imprisonment,

Ê unless a more severe penalty is prescribed by law for the act which brought about the exploitation. The monetary value of all of the money, assets and property of the older person or vulnerable person which have been obtained or used, or both, may be combined for the purpose of imposing punishment for an offense charged pursuant to this subsection.

     4.  If a person exploits an older person or a vulnerable person and the monetary value of any money, assets and property obtained cannot be determined, the person shall be punished for a gross misdemeanor by imprisonment in the county jail for not more than 1 year, or by a fine of not more than $2,000, or by both fine and imprisonment.

     5.  Any person who isolates an older person or a vulnerable person is guilty:

     (a) For the first offense, of a gross misdemeanor; or

     (b) For any subsequent offense, of a category B felony and shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison for a minimum term of not less than 2 years and a maximum term of not more than 10 years, and may be further punished by a fine of not more than $5,000.

     6.  A person who violates any provision of subsection 1, if substantial bodily or mental harm or death results to the older person or vulnerable person, is guilty of a category B felony and shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison for a minimum term of not less than 2 years and a maximum term of not more than 20 years, unless a more severe penalty is prescribed by law for the act or omission which brings about the abuse.

     7.  A person who violates any provision of subsection 2, if substantial bodily or mental harm or death results to the older person or vulnerable person, shall be punished for a category B felony by imprisonment in the state prison for a minimum term of not less than 2 years and a maximum term of not more than 6 years, unless a more severe penalty is prescribed by law for the act or omission which brings about the abuse or neglect.

     8.  In addition to any other penalty imposed against a person for a violation of any provision of NRS 200.5091 to 200.50995, inclusive, the court shall order the person to pay restitution.

     9.  As used in this section:

     (a) “Allow” means to take no action to prevent or stop the abuse or neglect of an older person or a vulnerable person if the person knows or has reason to know that the older person or vulnerable person is being abused or neglected.

     (b) “Permit” means permission that a reasonable person would not grant and which amounts to a neglect of responsibility attending the care and custody of an older person or a vulnerable person.

     (c) “Substantial mental harm” means an injury to the intellectual or psychological capacity or the emotional condition of an older person or a vulnerable person as evidenced by an observable and substantial impairment of the ability of the older person or vulnerable person to function within his or her normal range of performance or behavior.

     (Added to NRS by 1981, 1336; A 1983, 1652, 1655; 1985, 249; 1995, 1194, 2253; 1997, 110, 1354; 2003, 2567; 2005, 1113; 2011, 159)

     NRS 200.50995  Penalties for conspiracy.  A person who conspires with another to commit abuse, exploitation or isolation of an older person or a vulnerable person as prohibited by NRS 200.5099 shall be punished:

     1.  For the first offense, for a gross misdemeanor.

     2.  For the second and all subsequent offenses, for a category C felony as provided in NRS 193.130.

Ê Each person found guilty of such a conspiracy is jointly and severally liable for the restitution ordered by the court pursuant to NRS 200.5099 with each other person found guilty of the conspiracy.

     (Added to NRS by 1997, 1347; A 2003, 2568; 2005, 1114)

LIBEL

     NRS 200.510  Definition; penalties; truth may be given in evidence; jury to determine law and fact.

     1.  A libel is a malicious defamation, expressed by printing, writing, signs, pictures or the like, tending to blacken the memory of the dead, or to impeach the honesty, integrity, virtue, or reputation, or to publish the natural defects of a living person or persons, or community of persons, or association of persons, and thereby to expose them to public hatred, contempt or ridicule.

     2.  Every person, whether the writer or publisher, convicted of the offense is guilty of a gross misdemeanor.

     3.  In all prosecutions for libel the truth may be given in evidence to the jury, and, if it shall appear to the jury that the matter charged as libelous is true and was published for good motive and for justifiable ends, the party shall be acquitted, and the jury shall have the right to determine the law and the fact.

     [1911 C&P § 163; A 1915, 423; 1919 RL § 6428; NCL § 10110]—(NRS A 1967, 473)

     NRS 200.520  Publication defined.  Any method by which matter charged as libelous may be communicated to another shall be deemed a publication thereof.

     [1911 C&P § 164; RL § 6429; NCL § 10111]

     NRS 200.530  Liability of editor or publisher.  Every editor or proprietor of a book, newspaper or serial, and every manager of a copartnership or corporation by which any book, newspaper or serial is issued, is chargeable with the publication of any matter contained in any such book, newspaper or serial, but in every prosecution for libel the defendant may show in his or her defense that the matter complained of was published without his or her knowledge or fault and against his or her wishes by another who had no authority from the defendant to make such publication, and was retracted by the defendant as soon as known with an equal degree of publicity.

     [1911 C&P § 165; RL § 6430; NCL § 10112]

     NRS 200.540  Criminal proceedings: Venue.  Every person publishing a libel in this state may be proceeded against in any county where such libelous matter was published or circulated, but a person shall not be proceeded against for the publication of the same libel against the same person in more than one county.

     [1911 C&P § 166; RL § 6431; NCL § 10113]

     NRS 200.550  Furnishing libelous information: Penalty.  Every person who shall willfully state, deliver or transmit by any means whatever to any manager, editor, publisher, reporter or other employee of a publisher of any newspaper, magazine, publication, periodical or serial any statement concerning any person or corporation which, if published therein, would be a libel shall be guilty of a misdemeanor.

     [1911 C&P § 167; RL § 6432; NCL § 10114]

     NRS 200.560  Threatening to publish libel: Penalty.  Every person who shall threaten another with the publication of a libel concerning the latter, or his or her spouse, parent, child or other family member, and every person who offers to prevent the publication of a libel upon another person upon condition of the payment of, or with intent to extort, money or other valuable consideration from any person, shall be guilty of a gross misdemeanor.

     [1911 C&P § 168; RL § 6433; NCL § 10115]

HARASSMENT AND STALKING

     NRS 200.571  Harassment: Definition; penalties.

     1.  A person is guilty of harassment if:

     (a) Without lawful authority, the person knowingly threatens:

           (1) To cause bodily injury in the future to the person threatened or to any other person;

           (2) To cause physical damage to the property of another person;

           (3) To subject the person threatened or any other person to physical confinement or restraint; or

           (4) To do any act which is intended to substantially harm the person threatened or any other person with respect to his or her physical or mental health or safety; and

     (b) The person by words or conduct places the person receiving the threat in reasonable fear that the threat will be carried out.

     2.  Except where the provisions of subsection 2 or 3 of NRS 200.575 are applicable, a person who is guilty of harassment:

     (a) For the first offense, is guilty of a misdemeanor.

     (b) For the second or any subsequent offense, is guilty of a gross misdemeanor.

     3.  The penalties provided in this section do not preclude the victim from seeking any other legal remedy available.

     (Added to NRS by 1989, 897; A 1993, 510; 2001, 2785)

     NRS 200.575  Stalking: Definitions; penalties.

     1.  A person who, without lawful authority, willfully or maliciously engages in a course of conduct that would cause a reasonable person to feel terrorized, frightened, intimidated, harassed or fearful for the immediate safety of a family or household member, and that actually causes the victim to feel terrorized, frightened, intimidated, harassed or fearful for the immediate safety of a family or household member, commits the crime of stalking. Except where the provisions of subsection 2 or 3 are applicable, a person who commits the crime of stalking:

     (a) For the first offense, is guilty of a misdemeanor.

     (b) For any subsequent offense, is guilty of a gross misdemeanor.

     2.  A person who commits the crime of stalking and in conjunction therewith threatens the person with the intent to cause the person to be placed in reasonable fear of death or substantial bodily harm commits the crime of aggravated stalking. A person who commits the crime of aggravated stalking shall be punished for a category B felony by imprisonment in the state prison for a minimum term of not less than 2 years and a maximum term of not more than 15 years, and may be further punished by a fine of not more than $5,000.

     3.  A person who commits the crime of stalking with the use of an Internet or network site, electronic mail, text messaging or any other similar means of communication to publish, display or distribute information in a manner that substantially increases the risk of harm or violence to the victim shall be punished for a category C felony as provided in NRS 193.130.

     4.  Except as otherwise provided in subsection 2 of NRS 200.571, a criminal penalty provided for in this section may be imposed in addition to any penalty that may be imposed for any other criminal offense arising from the same conduct or for any contempt of court arising from the same conduct.

     5.  The penalties provided in this section do not preclude the victim from seeking any other legal remedy available.

     6.  As used in this section:

     (a) “Course of conduct” means a pattern of conduct which consists of a series of acts over time that evidences a continuity of purpose directed at a specific person.

     (b) “Family or household member” means a spouse, a former spouse, a parent or other person who is related by blood or marriage or is or was actually residing with the person.

     (c) “Internet or network site” has the meaning ascribed to it in NRS 205.4744.

     (d) “Network” has the meaning ascribed to it in NRS 205.4745.

     (e) “Provider of Internet service” has the meaning ascribed to it in NRS 205.4758.

     (f) “Text messaging” means a communication in the form of electronic text or one or more electronic images sent from a telephone or computer to another person’s telephone or computer by addressing the communication to the recipient’s telephone number.

     (g) “Without lawful authority” includes acts which are initiated or continued without the victim’s consent. The term does not include acts which are otherwise protected or authorized by constitutional or statutory law, regulation or order of a court of competent jurisdiction, including, but not limited to:

           (1) Picketing which occurs during a strike, work stoppage or any other labor dispute.

           (2) The activities of a reporter, photographer, camera operator or other person while gathering information for communication to the public if that person is employed or engaged by or has contracted with a newspaper, periodical, press association or radio or television station and is acting solely within that professional capacity.

           (3) The activities of a person that are carried out in the normal course of his or her lawful employment.

           (4) Any activities carried out in the exercise of the constitutionally protected rights of freedom of speech and assembly.

     (Added to NRS by 1993, 509; A 1995, 59, 1195, 1324; 1999, 1377; 2001, 665, 2785, 2800; 2003, 198; 2009, 3006)

     NRS 200.581  Where offense committed.  Harassment, stalking or aggravated stalking shall be deemed to have been committed where the conduct occurred or where the person who was affected by the conduct was located at the time that the conduct occurred.

     (Added to NRS by 1989, 897; A 1993, 510; 1995, 60; 2001, 666)

     NRS 200.591  Court may impose temporary or extended order to restrict conduct of alleged perpetrator, defendant or convicted person; penalty for violation of order; dissemination of order; notice provided in order.

     1.  In addition to any other remedy provided by law, a person who reasonably believes that the crime of stalking, aggravated stalking or harassment is being committed against him or her by another person may petition any court of competent jurisdiction for a temporary or extended order directing the person who is allegedly committing the crime to:

     (a) Stay away from the home, school, business or place of employment of the victim of the alleged crime and any other location specifically named by the court.

     (b) Refrain from contacting, intimidating, threatening or otherwise interfering with the victim of the alleged crime and any other person named in the order, including, without limitation, a member of the family or the household of the victim of the alleged crime.

     (c) Comply with any other restriction which the court deems necessary to protect the victim of the alleged crime or to protect any other person named in the order, including, without limitation, a member of the family or the household of the victim of the alleged crime.

     2.  If a defendant charged with a crime involving harassment, stalking or aggravated stalking is released from custody before trial or is found guilty at the trial, the court may issue a temporary or extended order or provide as a condition of the release or sentence that the defendant:

     (a) Stay away from the home, school, business or place of employment of the victim of the alleged crime and any other location specifically named by the court.

     (b) Refrain from contacting, intimidating, threatening or otherwise interfering with the victim of the alleged crime and any other person named in the order, including, without limitation, a member of the family or the household of the victim of the alleged crime.

     (c) Comply with any other restriction which the court deems necessary to protect the victim of the alleged crime or to protect any other person named in the order, including, without limitation, a member of the family or the household of the victim of the alleged crime.

     3.  A temporary order may be granted with or without notice to the adverse party. An extended order may be granted only after:

     (a) Notice of the petition for the order and of the hearing thereon is served upon the adverse party pursuant to the Nevada Rules of Civil Procedure; and

     (b) A hearing is held on the petition.

     4.  If an extended order is issued by a justice court, an interlocutory appeal lies to the district court, which may affirm, modify or vacate the order in question. The appeal may be taken without bond, but its taking does not stay the effect or enforcement of the order.

     5.  Unless a more severe penalty is prescribed by law for the act that constitutes the violation of the order, any person who intentionally violates:

     (a) A temporary order is guilty of a gross misdemeanor.

     (b) An extended order is guilty of a category C felony and shall be punished as provided in NRS 193.130.

     6.  Any court order issued pursuant to this section must:

     (a) Be in writing;

     (b) Be personally served on the person to whom it is directed; and

     (c) Contain the warning that violation of the order:

           (1) Subjects the person to immediate arrest.

           (2) Is a gross misdemeanor if the order is a temporary order.

           (3) Is a category C felony if the order is an extended order.

     7.  A temporary or extended order issued pursuant to this section must provide notice that a person who is arrested for violating the order will not be admitted to bail sooner than 12 hours after the person’s arrest if:

     (a) The arresting officer determines that such a violation is accompanied by a direct or indirect threat of harm;

     (b) The person has previously violated a temporary or extended order for protection; or

     (c) At the time of the violation or within 2 hours after the violation, the person has:

           (1) A concentration of alcohol of 0.08 or more in his or her blood or breath; or

           (2) An amount of a prohibited substance in his or her blood or urine that is equal to or greater than the amount set forth in subsection 3 of NRS 484C.110.

     (Added to NRS by 1989, 897; A 1993, 510; 1995, 61, 1324; 2005, 953; 2007, 1020)

     NRS 200.592  Petitioner for order: Deferment of costs and fees; free information concerning order; no fee for serving order.

     1.  The payment of all costs and official fees must be deferred for any person who petitions a court for a temporary or extended order pursuant to NRS 200.591. After any hearing and not later than final disposition of such an application or order, the court shall assess the costs and fees against the adverse party, except that the court may reduce them or waive them, as justice may require.

     2.  The clerk of the court shall provide a person who petitions the court for a temporary or extended order pursuant to NRS 200.591 and the adverse party, free of cost, with information about the:

     (a) Availability of temporary and extended orders pursuant to NRS 200.591;

     (b) Procedure for filing an application for such an order; and

     (c) Right to proceed without legal counsel.

     3.  A person who obtains an order pursuant to NRS 200.591 must not be charged any fee to have the order served in this State.

     (Added to NRS by 2001, 1671)

     NRS 200.594  Duration of orders; dissolution or modification of temporary order.

     1.  A temporary order issued pursuant to NRS 200.591 expires within such time, not to exceed 30 days, as the court fixes. If a petition for an extended order is filed within the period of a temporary order, the temporary order remains in effect until the hearing on the extended order is held.

     2.  On 2 days’ notice to the party who obtained the temporary order, the adverse party may appear and move its dissolution or modification, and in that event the court shall proceed to hear and determine such motion as expeditiously as the ends of justice require.

     3.  An extended order expires within such time, not to exceed 1 year, as the court fixes. A temporary order may be converted by the court, upon notice to the adverse party and a hearing, into an extended order effective for no more than 1 year.

     (Added to NRS by 1995, 59)

     NRS 200.597  Order to be transmitted to law enforcement agencies; enforcement.

     1.  Each court that issues an order pursuant to NRS 200.591 shall transmit, as soon as practicable, a copy of the order to all law enforcement agencies within its jurisdiction. The copy must include a notation of the date on which the order was personally served upon the person to whom it is directed.

     2.  A peace officer, without a warrant, may arrest and take into custody a person when the peace officer has probable cause to believe that:

     (a) An order has been issued pursuant to NRS 200.591 to the person to be arrested;

     (b) The person to be arrested has been served with a copy of the order; and

     (c) The person to be arrested is acting in violation of the order.

     3.  Any law enforcement agency in this State may enforce a court order issued pursuant to NRS 200.591.

     (Added to NRS by 1995, 59; A 2005, 955)

     NRS 200.601  Victim to be given certain information and documents concerning case; clerk to keep record of order or condition restricting conduct of defendant.

     1.  The prosecuting attorney in any trial brought against a person on a charge of harassment, stalking or aggravated stalking shall inform the alleged victim of the final disposition of the case.

     2.  If the defendant is found guilty and the court issues an order or provides a condition of the sentence restricting the ability of the defendant to have contact with the victim or witnesses, the clerk of the court shall:

     (a) Keep a record of the order or condition of the sentence; and

     (b) Provide a certified copy of the order or condition of the sentence to the victim and other persons named in the order.

     (Added to NRS by 1989, 898; A 1993, 511)

PEEPING

     NRS 200.603  Peering, peeping or spying through window, door or other opening of dwelling of another; penalties.

     1.  A person shall not knowingly enter upon the property or premises of another or upon the property or premises owned by him or her and leased or rented to another with the intent to surreptitiously conceal himself or herself on the property or premises and peer, peep or spy through a window, door or other opening of a building or structure that is used as a dwelling on the property or premises.

     2.  A person who violates subsection 1 is guilty of:

     (a) If the person is in possession of a deadly weapon at the time of the violation, a category B felony and shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison for a minimum term of not less than 1 year and a maximum term of not more than 6 years, and may be further punished by a fine of not more than $5,000.

     (b) If the person is not in possession of a deadly weapon at the time of the violation, but is in possession of a photographic or digital camera, video camera or other device capable of recording images or sound at the time of the violation, a gross misdemeanor.

     (c) If the person is not in possession of a deadly weapon or a photographic or digital camera, video camera or other device capable of recording images or sound at the time of the violation, a misdemeanor.

     3.  This section does not apply to:

     (a) A law enforcement officer conducting a criminal investigation or surveillance;

     (b) A building inspector, building official or other similar authority employed by a governmental body while performing his or her duties; or

     (c) An employee of a public utility while performing his or her duties.

     (Added to NRS by 2005, 930)

     NRS 200.604  Capturing image of private area of another person; distributing, disclosing, displaying, transmitting or publishing image of private area of another person; penalties; exceptions; confidentiality of image.

     1.  Except as otherwise provided in subsection 4, a person shall not knowingly and intentionally capture an image of the private area of another person:

     (a) Without the consent of the other person; and

     (b) Under circumstances in which the other person has a reasonable expectation of privacy.

     2.  Except as otherwise provided in subsection 4, a person shall not distribute, disclose, display, transmit or publish an image that the person knows or has reason to know was made in violation of subsection 1.

     3.  A person who violates this section:

     (a) For a first offense, is guilty of a gross misdemeanor.

     (b) For a second or subsequent offense, is guilty of a category E felony and shall be punished as provided in NRS 193.130.

     4.  This section does not prohibit any lawful law enforcement or correctional activity, including, without limitation, capturing, distributing, disclosing, displaying, transmitting or publishing an image for the purpose of investigating or prosecuting a violation of this section.

     5.  If a person is charged with a violation of this section, any image of the private area of a victim that is contained within:

     (a) Court records;

     (b) Intelligence or investigative data, reports of crime or incidents of criminal activity or other information;

     (c) Records of criminal history, as that term is defined in NRS 179A.070; and

     (d) Records in the Central Repository for Nevada Records of Criminal History,

Ê is confidential and, except as otherwise provided in subsections 6 and 7, must not be inspected by or released to the general public.

     6.  An image that is confidential pursuant to subsection 5 may be inspected or released:

     (a) As necessary for the purposes of investigation and prosecution of the violation;

     (b) As necessary for the purpose of allowing a person charged with a violation of this section and his or her attorney to prepare a defense; and

     (c) Upon authorization by a court of competent jurisdiction as provided in subsection 7.

     7.  A court of competent jurisdiction may authorize the inspection or release of an image that is confidential pursuant to subsection 5, upon application, if the court determines that:

     (a) The person making the application has demonstrated to the satisfaction of the court that good cause exists for the inspection or release; and

     (b) Reasonable notice of the application and an opportunity to be heard have been given to the victim.

     8.  As used in this section:

     (a) “Broadcast” means to transmit electronically an image with the intent that the image be viewed by any other person.

     (b) “Capture,” with respect to an image, means to videotape, photograph, film, record by any means or broadcast.

     (c) “Female breast” means any portion of the female breast below the top of the areola.

     (d) “Private area” means the naked or undergarment clad genitals, pubic area, buttocks or female breast of a person.

     (e) “Under circumstances in which the other person has a reasonable expectation of privacy” means:

           (1) Circumstances in which a reasonable person would believe that he or she could disrobe in privacy, without being concerned that an image of his or her private area would be captured; or

           (2) Circumstances in which a reasonable person would believe that his or her private area would not be visible to the public, regardless of whether the person is in a public or private place.

     (Added to NRS by 2007, 642)

HAZING

     NRS 200.605  Penalties; definition.

     1.  A person who engages in hazing is guilty of:

     (a) A misdemeanor, if no substantial bodily harm results.

     (b) A gross misdemeanor, if substantial bodily harm results.

     2.  Consent of a victim of hazing is not a valid defense to a prosecution conducted pursuant to this section.

     3.  For the purposes of this section, an activity shall be deemed to be “forced” if initiation into or affiliation with a student organization, academic association or athletic team is directly or indirectly conditioned upon participation in the activity.

     4.  As used in this section, “hazing” means an activity in which a person intentionally or recklessly endangers the physical health of another person for the purpose of initiation into or affiliation with a student organization, academic association or athletic team at a high school, college or university in this state. The term:

     (a) Includes, without limitation, any physical brutality or brutal treatment, including, without limitation, whipping, beating, branding, forced calisthenics, exposure to the elements or forced consumption of food, liquor, drugs or other substances.

     (b) Does not include any athletic, curricular, extracurricular or quasi-military practice, conditioning or competition that is sponsored or approved by the high school, college or university.

     (Added to NRS by 1999, 1065)

INTERCEPTION AND DISCLOSURE OF WIRE AND RADIO COMMUNICATIONS OR PRIVATE CONVERSATIONS

     NRS 200.610  Definitions.  As used in NRS 200.610 to 200.690, inclusive:

     1.  “Person” includes public officials and law enforcement officers of the State and of a county or municipality or other political subdivision of the State.

     2.  “Wire communication” means the transmission of writing, signs, signals, pictures and sounds of all kinds by wire, cable, or other similar connection between the points of origin and reception of such transmission, including all facilities and services incidental to such transmission, which facilities and services include, among other things, the receipt, forwarding and delivering of communications.

     3.  “Radio communication” means the transmission of writing, signs, signals, pictures, and sounds of all kinds by radio or other wireless methods, including all facilities and services incidental to such transmission, which facilities and services include, among other things, the receipt, forwarding and delivering of communications. The term does not include the transmission of writing, signs, signals, pictures and sounds broadcast by amateurs or public or municipal agencies of the State of Nevada, or by others for the use of the general public.

     (Added to NRS by 1957, 334; A 1985, 512)

     NRS 200.620  Interception and attempted interception of wire communication prohibited; exceptions.

     1.  Except as otherwise provided in NRS 179.410 to 179.515, inclusive, 209.419 and 704.195, it is unlawful for any person to intercept or attempt to intercept any wire communication unless:

     (a) The interception or attempted interception is made with the prior consent of one of the parties to the communication; and

     (b) An emergency situation exists and it is impractical to obtain a court order as required by NRS 179.410 to 179.515, inclusive, before the interception, in which event the interception is subject to the requirements of subsection 3. If the application for ratification is denied, any use or disclosure of the information so intercepted is unlawful, and the person who made the interception shall notify the sender and the receiver of the communication that:

           (1) The communication was intercepted; and

           (2) Upon application to the court, ratification of the interception was denied.

     2.  This section does not apply to any person, or to the officers, employees or agents of any person, engaged in the business of providing service and facilities for wire communication where the interception or attempted interception is to construct, maintain, conduct or operate the service or facilities of that person.

     3.  Any person who has made an interception in an emergency situation as provided in paragraph (b) of subsection 1 shall, within 72 hours of the interception, make a written application to a justice of the Supreme Court or district judge for ratification of the interception. The interception must not be ratified unless the applicant shows that:

     (a) An emergency situation existed and it was impractical to obtain a court order before the interception; and

     (b) Except for the absence of a court order, the interception met the requirements of NRS 179.410 to 179.515, inclusive.

     4.  NRS 200.610 to 200.690, inclusive, do not prohibit the recording, and NRS 179.410 to 179.515, inclusive, do not prohibit the reception in evidence, of conversations on wire communications installed in the office of an official law enforcement or fire-fighting agency, or a public utility, if the equipment used for the recording is installed in a facility for wire communications or on a telephone with a number listed in a directory, on which emergency calls or requests by a person for response by the law enforcement or fire-fighting agency or public utility are likely to be received. In addition, those sections do not prohibit the recording or reception in evidence of conversations initiated by the law enforcement or fire-fighting agency or public utility from such a facility or telephone in connection with responding to the original call or request, if the agency or public utility informs the other party that the conversation is being recorded.

     (Added to NRS by 1957, 334; A 1973, 1748; 1975, 747; 1983, 120, 681; 1989, 659)

     NRS 200.630  Disclosure of existence, content or substance of wire or radio communication prohibited; exceptions.

     1.  Except as otherwise provided in NRS 179.410 to 179.515, inclusive, and 704.195, a person shall not disclose the existence, content, substance, purport, effect or meaning of any wire or radio communication to any person unless authorized to do so by either the sender or receiver.

     2.  This section does not apply to any person, or the officers, employees or agents of any person, engaged in furnishing service or facilities for wire or radio communication where the disclosure is made:

     (a) For the purpose of construction, maintenance, conduct or operation of the service or facilities of such a person;

     (b) To the intended receiver or his or her agent or attorney;

     (c) In response to a subpoena issued by a court of competent jurisdiction; or

     (d) On written demand of other lawful authority.

     (Added to NRS by 1957, 334; A 1973, 1749; 1989, 660)

     NRS 200.640  Unauthorized connection with facilities prohibited.  Except as otherwise provided in NRS 179.410 to 179.515, inclusive, and 200.620, a person shall not make any connection, either physically or by induction, with the wire or radio communication facilities of any person engaged in the business of providing service and facilities for communication unless the connection is authorized by the person providing the service and facilities.

     (Added to NRS by 1957, 335; A 1973, 1749; 1981, 1561)

     NRS 200.650  Unauthorized, surreptitious intrusion of privacy by listening device prohibited.  Except as otherwise provided in NRS 179.410 to 179.515, inclusive, and 704.195, a person shall not intrude upon the privacy of other persons by surreptitiously listening to, monitoring or recording, or attempting to listen to, monitor or record, by means of any mechanical, electronic or other listening device, any private conversation engaged in by the other persons, or disclose the existence, content, substance, purport, effect or meaning of any conversation so listened to, monitored or recorded, unless authorized to do so by one of the persons engaging in the conversation.

     (Added to NRS by 1957, 335; A 1973, 1749; 1989, 660)

     NRS 200.690  Penalties.

     1.  A person who willfully and knowingly violates NRS 200.620 to 200.650, inclusive:

     (a) Shall be punished for a category D felony as provided in NRS 193.130.

     (b) Is liable to a person whose wire or oral communication is intercepted without his or her consent for:

           (1) Actual damages or liquidated damages of $100 per day of violation but not less than $1,000, whichever is greater;

           (2) Punitive damages; and

           (3) His or her costs reasonably incurred in the action, including a reasonable attorney’s fee,

Ê all of which may be recovered by civil action.

     2.  A good faith reliance by a public utility on a written request for interception by one party to a conversation is a complete defense to any civil or criminal action brought against the public utility on account of the interception.

     (Added to NRS by 1957, 336; A 1967, 474; 1973, 1749; 1995, 1195)

PORNOGRAPHY INVOLVING MINORS

     NRS 200.700  Definitions.  As used in NRS 200.700 to 200.760, inclusive, unless the context otherwise requires:

     1.  “Performance” means any play, film, photograph, computer-generated image, electronic representation, dance or other visual presentation.

     2.  “Promote” means to produce, direct, procure, manufacture, sell, give, lend, publish, distribute, exhibit, advertise or possess for the purpose of distribution.

     3.  “Sexual conduct” means sexual intercourse, lewd exhibition of the genitals, fellatio, cunnilingus, bestiality, anal intercourse, excretion, sado-masochistic abuse, masturbation, or the penetration of any part of a person’s body or of any object manipulated or inserted by a person into the genital or anal opening of the body of another.

     4.  “Sexual portrayal” means the depiction of a person in a manner which appeals to the prurient interest in sex and which does not have serious literary, artistic, political or scientific value.

     (Added to NRS by 1983, 814; A 1995, 950; 2009, 2662)

     NRS 200.710  Unlawful to use minor in producing pornography or as subject of sexual portrayal in performance.

     1.  A person who knowingly uses, encourages, entices or permits a minor to simulate or engage in or assist others to simulate or engage in sexual conduct to produce a performance is guilty of a category A felony and shall be punished as provided in NRS 200.750.

     2.  A person who knowingly uses, encourages, entices, coerces or permits a minor to be the subject of a sexual portrayal in a performance is guilty of a category A felony and shall be punished as provided in NRS 200.750, regardless of whether the minor is aware that the sexual portrayal is part of a performance.

     (Added to NRS by 1979, 437; A 1983, 815; 1995, 951, 1196, 1337)

     NRS 200.720  Promotion of sexual performance of minor unlawful.  A person who knowingly promotes a performance of a minor:

     1.  Where the minor engages in or simulates, or assists others to engage in or simulate, sexual conduct; or

     2.  Where the minor is the subject of a sexual portrayal,

Ê is guilty of a category A felony and shall be punished as provided in NRS 200.750.

     (Added to NRS by 1983, 814; A 1995, 951, 1196, 1337)

     NRS 200.725  Preparing, advertising or distributing materials depicting pornography involving minor unlawful; penalty.  A person who knowingly prepares, advertises or distributes any item or material that depicts a minor engaging in, or simulating, or assisting others to engage in or simulate, sexual conduct is guilty of a category B felony and shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison for a minimum term of not less than 1 year and a maximum term of not more than 15 years, or by a fine of not more than $15,000, or by both fine and imprisonment.

     (Added to NRS by 1995, 950; A 1995, 1337)

     NRS 200.727  Use of Internet to control visual presentation depicting sexual conduct of person under 16 years of age; penalties.

     1.  Any person who, knowingly, willfully and with the specific intent to view any film, photograph or other visual presentation depicting a person under the age of 16 years engaging in or simulating sexual conduct, uses the Internet to control such a film, photograph or other visual presentation is guilty of:

     (a) For the first offense, a category C felony and shall be punished as provided in NRS 193.130.

     (b) For any subsequent offense, a category B felony and shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison for a minimum term of not less than 1 year and a maximum term of not more than 6 years, and may be further punished by a fine of not more than $5,000.

     2.  As used in this section, “sexual conduct” means sexual intercourse, fellatio, cunnilingus, bestiality, anal intercourse, excretion, sado-masochistic abuse, masturbation, or the penetration of any object manipulated or inserted by a person into the genital or anal opening of the body of another.

     (Added to NRS by 2009, 2662)

     NRS 200.730  Possession of visual presentation depicting sexual conduct of person under 16 years of age unlawful; penalties.  A person who knowingly and willfully has in his or her possession for any purpose any film, photograph or other visual presentation depicting a person under the age of 16 years as the subject of a sexual portrayal or engaging in or simulating, or assisting others to engage in or simulate, sexual conduct:

     1.  For the first offense, is guilty of a category B felony and shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison for a minimum term of not less than 1 year and a maximum term of not more than 6 years, and may be further punished by a fine of not more than $5,000.

     2.  For any subsequent offense, is guilty of a category A felony and shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison for a minimum term of not less than 1 year and a maximum term of life with the possibility of parole, and may be further punished by a fine of not more than $5,000.

     (Added to NRS by 1983, 814; A 1985, 1412; 1987, 846; 1995, 951, 1196, 1337; 2005, 2876)

     NRS 200.735  Exemption for purposes of law enforcement.  The provisions of NRS 200.710 to 200.730, inclusive, do not apply to law enforcement personnel during the investigation or prosecution of a violation of the provisions of NRS 200.710 to 200.730, inclusive.

     (Added to NRS by 1995, 950)

     NRS 200.737  Use of electronic communication device by minor to possess, transmit or distribute sexual images of minor; penalties.

     1.  A minor shall not knowingly and willfully use an electronic communication device to transmit or distribute a sexual image of himself or herself to another person.

     2.  A minor shall not knowingly and willfully use an electronic communication device to transmit or distribute a sexual image of another minor who is older than, the same age as or not more than 4 years younger than the minor transmitting the sexual image.

     3.  A minor shall not knowingly and willfully possess a sexual image that was transmitted or distributed as described in subsection 1 or 2 if the minor who is the subject of the sexual image is older than, the same age as or not more than 4 years younger than the minor who possesses the sexual image. It is an affirmative defense to a violation charged pursuant to this subsection if the minor who possesses a sexual image:

     (a) Did not knowingly purchase, procure, solicit or request the sexual image or take any other action to cause the sexual image to come into his or her possession; and

     (b) Promptly and in good faith, and without retaining or allowing any person, other than a law enforcement agency or a school official, to access any sexual image:

           (1) Took reasonable steps to destroy each image; or

           (2) Reported the matter to a law enforcement agency or a school official and gave the law enforcement agency or school official access to each image.

     4.  A minor who violates subsection 1:

     (a) For the first violation:

           (1) Is a child in need of supervision, as that term is used in title 5 of NRS, and is not a delinquent child; and

           (2) Is not considered a sex offender or juvenile sex offender and is not subject to registration or community notification as a juvenile sex offender pursuant to title 5 of NRS, or as a sex offender pursuant to NRS 179D.010 to 179D.550, inclusive.

     (b) For the second or a subsequent violation:

           (1) Commits a delinquent act, and the court may order the detention of the minor in the same manner as if the minor had committed an act that would have been a misdemeanor if committed by an adult; and

           (2) Is not considered a sex offender or juvenile sex offender and is not subject to registration or community notification as a juvenile sex offender pursuant to title 5 of NRS, or as a sex offender pursuant to NRS 179D.010 to 179D.550, inclusive.

     5.  A minor who violates subsection 2:

     (a) Commits a delinquent act, and the court may order the detention of the minor in the same manner as if the minor had committed an act that would have been a misdemeanor if committed by an adult; and

     (b) Is not considered a sex offender or juvenile sex offender and is not subject to registration or community notification as a juvenile sex offender pursuant to title 5 of NRS, or as a sex offender pursuant to NRS 179D.010 to 179D.550, inclusive.

     6.  A minor who violates subsection 3:

     (a) Is a child in need of supervision, as that term is used in title 5 of NRS, and is not a delinquent child; and

     (b) Is not considered a sex offender or juvenile sex offender and is not subject to registration or community notification as a juvenile sex offender pursuant to title 5 of NRS, or as a sex offender pursuant to NRS 179D.010 to 179D.550, inclusive.

     7.  As used in this section:

     (a) “Electronic communication device” means any electronic device that is capable of transmitting or distributing a sexual image, including, without limitation, a cellular phone, personal digital assistant, computer, computer network and computer system.

     (b) “Minor” means a person who is under 18 years of age.

     (c) “School official” means a principal, vice principal, school counselor or school police officer.

     (d) “Sexual conduct” has the meaning ascribed to it in NRS 200.700.

     (e) “Sexual image” means any visual depiction, including, without limitation, any photograph or video, of a minor simulating or engaging in sexual conduct or of a minor as the subject of a sexual portrayal.

     (f) “Sexual portrayal” has the meaning ascribed to it in NRS 200.700.

     (Added to NRS by 2011, 1060)

     NRS 200.740  Determination by court or jury of whether person was minor.  For the purposes of NRS 200.710 to 200.737, inclusive, to determine whether a person was a minor, the court or jury may:

     1.  Inspect the person in question;

     2.  View the performance;

     3.  Consider the opinion of a witness to the performance regarding the person’s age;

     4.  Consider the opinion of a medical expert who viewed the performance; or

     5.  Use any other method authorized by the rules of evidence at common law.

     (Added to NRS by 1983, 814; A 1995, 951; 2011, 1062)

     NRS 200.750  Penalties.  A person punishable pursuant to NRS 200.710 or 200.720 shall be punished for a category A felony by imprisonment in the state prison:

     1.  If the minor is 14 years of age or older, for life with the possibility of parole, with eligibility for parole beginning when a minimum of 5 years has been served, and shall be further punished by a fine of not more than $100,000.

     2.  If the minor is less than 14 years of age, for life with the possibility of parole, with eligibility for parole beginning when a minimum of 10 years has been served, and shall be further punished by a fine of not more than $100,000.

     (Added to NRS by 1983, 815; A 1995, 1196; 1997, 1721; 2005, 2876)

     NRS 200.760  Forfeiture.  All assets derived from or relating to any violation of NRS 200.366, 200.710 to 200.730, inclusive, or 201.230 are subject to forfeiture. A proceeding for their forfeiture may be brought pursuant to NRS 179.1156 to 179.119, inclusive.

     (Added to NRS by 1983, 815; A 1985, 639, 1468; 1987, 1384; 1995, 951)